Abstract
Organic heirloom tomato production is limited in the southeastern United States by foliar and soilborne diseases, thermal stress, and weathered soil structure. Heirloom cultivars command a premium market, but tolerance to disease and abiotic stress is often poor. Organic growers need research that supports the advantages of market niches afforded by heirloom tomatoes through the development of integrated systems to manage pests and reduce risks of associated crop losses or low yields. Two major soilborne diseases common in the southeast, bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum ) and fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici ), were effectively managed using susceptible heirloom scions grafted onto resistant rootstock. In naturally infested soil, bacterial wilt incidence for nongrafted ‘German Johnson’ was 79% and 75% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. ‘German Johnson’ showed no symptoms of bacterial wilt in either year when grafted onto the resistant genotypes CRA 66 or Hawaii 7996. Fusarium wilt incidence was 46% and 50%, respectively, in nongrafted and self-grafted ‘German Johnson’ controls. When ‘Maxifort’ rootstock was grafted with ‘German Johnson’, no symptoms of fusarium wilt were seen, and plants with ‘Robusta’ rootstock had an intermediate level of disease (29%). An evaluation of commercially available rootstock was carried out in three separate experiments in diverse organic production systems to determine yield impacts with low disease pressure. ‘Maxifort’ rootstock significantly increased yield in one location ( P = 0.05), but ‘Maxifort’ and ‘Robusta’ rootstock did not consistently impact yield at the other two locations. Grafting is an effective management tool for organic growers in the southeast United States to reduce risk of crop loss resulting from soilborne diseases and will be a valuable component in an integrated pest management program.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nongrafted German Johnson had bacterial wilt incidence of 79% in 2005.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- German Johnsone0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume1pathogen - Outcome
- bacterial wilt incidencee0
- Value
- 79%e0
- Qualifier
- 2005e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial wilt incidence for nongrafted ‘German Johnson’ was 79% and 75% in 2005 and 2006, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nongrafted German Johnson had bacterial wilt incidence of 75% in 2006.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- German Johnsone0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- bacterial wilt incidencee0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Qualifier
- 2006e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial wilt incidence for nongrafted ‘German Johnson’ was 79% and 75% in 2005 and 2006, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting German Johnson onto CRA 66 prevented bacterial wilt symptoms in both years.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- German Johnsone0
- Treatment
- grafted onto the resistant genotypes CRA 66e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms of bacterial wilte0
- Direction
- no symptomse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘German Johnson’ showed no symptoms of bacterial wilt in either year when grafted onto the resistant genotypes CRA 66 or Hawaii 7996”
t0“Tomato”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting German Johnson onto Hawaii 7996 prevented bacterial wilt symptoms in both years.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- German Johnsone0
- Treatment
- Hawaii 7996e0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms of bacterial wilte0
- Direction
- no symptomse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘German Johnson’ showed no symptoms of bacterial wilt in either year when grafted onto the resistant genotypes CRA 66 or Hawaii 7996”
t0“Tomato”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nongrafted German Johnson had 46% fusarium wilt incidence.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- German Johnsone0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium wilt incidencee0
- Value
- 46%e0
- Qualifier
- nongraftede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt incidence was 46% and 50%, respectively, in nongrafted and self-grafted ‘German Johnson’ controls”
t0“Tomato”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-grafted German Johnson had 50% fusarium wilt incidence.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- German Johnsone0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium wilt incidencee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- self-graftede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium wilt incidence was 46% and 50%, respectively, in nongrafted and self-grafted ‘German Johnson’ controls”
t0“Tomato”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Maxifort rootstock prevented fusarium wilt symptoms in German Johnson.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- German Johnsone0
- Treatment
- ‘Maxifort’ rootstocke0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms of fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- no symptomse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When ‘Maxifort’ rootstock was grafted with ‘German Johnson’, no symptoms of fusarium wilt were seen”
t0“Tomato”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Robusta rootstock had intermediate fusarium disease incidence of 29%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ‘Robusta’ rootstocke0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants with ‘Robusta’ rootstock had an intermediate level of disease (29%)”
e1“Fusarium wilt incidence”
t0“Tomato”
e2“Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Maxifort significantly increased tomato yield at one location.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ‘Maxifort’ rootstocke0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- one locatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Maxifort’ rootstock significantly increased yield in one location ( P = 0.05)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Maxifort rootstock did not consistently affect yield at two other locations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ‘Maxifort’e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not consistently impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Maxifort’ and ‘Robusta’ rootstock did not consistently impact yield at the other two locations”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Robusta rootstock did not consistently affect yield at two other locations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ‘Robusta’ rootstocke0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not consistently impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Maxifort’ and ‘Robusta’ rootstock did not consistently impact yield at the other two locations”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting was recommended to reduce organic tomato crop loss from soilborne disease.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Graftinge0
- Outcome
- reduce risk of crop loss resulting from soilborne diseasese0
- Setting
- southeast United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting is an effective management tool for organic growers in the southeast United States to reduce risk of crop loss resulting from soilborne diseases”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
150 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
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See all 176 papers →grafting · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
grafting · Ralstonia solanacearum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.