Abstract
Intercropping with poor and nonhosts was tested as means to reduce densities of whitefly eggs and nymphs on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in central Guatemala during dry and rainy seasons. Row and mixed intercrop field designs were used, with pesticides evaluated on a subplot level in the row-intercrop test. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was also evaluated in the mixed-intercrop test. Intercropping failed to reduce whitefly densities, although interpretation of data was difficult because of high variability among samples and reduced crop quality in some intercrop and pesticide treatments. Imidacloprid effectively reduced whitefly densities, but imidacloprid combined with intercropping offered no advantage over imidacloprid in monoculture. Laundry detergent and vegetable oil were tested as less-toxic inexpensive alternatives to pesticides under monocropped and intercropped conditions during the dry season, but failed to provide protection against whiteflies or other sucking insects. Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood was the predominant whitefly species in the area. Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on bean comprised ≈10% of the total whitefly population at the end of the dry season, 46% in the middle of the rainy season, when overall populations were lowest, and 1.15% toward the end of the rainy season. Encarsia pergandiella Howard was the predominant whitefly parasitoid throughout the study, and the only parasitoid reared from whitefly nymphs on bean in the dry season. Members of the Encarsia meritoria species complex and Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker were recovered from tomato during the rainy season. Parasitoid diversity increased in the rainy season on tomato intercropped with roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) compared with tomato grown in monoculture. Intercropping with poor and nonhosts did not reduce whitefly densities on bean in an economically significant manner under high, intermediate, or low whitefly populations levels in either the dry or rainy season.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping did not reduce whitefly densities on common bean.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly densitiese0
- Direction
- failed to reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping failed to reduce whitefly densities”
e1“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid reduced whitefly densities.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Imidaclopride0
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly densitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imidacloprid effectively reduced whitefly densities”
e1“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding intercropping to imidacloprid gave no advantage over imidacloprid in monoculture.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- imidacloprid combined with intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- no advantagee0
- Direction
- no advantagee0
- Comparator
- imidacloprid in monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid combined with intercropping offered no advantage over imidacloprid in monoculture”
e1“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Laundry detergent failed to protect against whiteflies or other sucking insects.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Laundry detergente0
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae0pest
- Outcome
- protection against whiteflies or other sucking insectse0
- Direction
- failed to providee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laundry detergent and vegetable oil were tested as less-toxic inexpensive alternatives to pesticides under monocropped and intercropped conditions during the dry season, but failed to provide protection against whiteflies or other sucking insects”
e1“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetable oil failed to protect against whiteflies or other sucking insects.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- vegetable oile0
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae0pest
- Outcome
- protection against whiteflies or other sucking insectse0
- Direction
- failed to providee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laundry detergent and vegetable oil were tested as less-toxic inexpensive alternatives to pesticides under monocropped and intercropped conditions during the dry season, but failed to provide protection against whiteflies or other sucking insects”
e1“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trialeurodes vaporariorum was the predominant local whitefly.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Trialeurodes vaporariorume0pest - Outcome
- predominant whitefly speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood was the predominant whitefly species in the area”
e1“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bemisia tabaci comprised about 10% of bean whiteflies at the end of the dry season.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabacie0pest - Outcome
- Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on beane0
- Value
- ≈10%e0
- Qualifier
- at the end of the dry seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on bean comprised ≈10% of the total whitefly population at the end of the dry season”
Claim · model-written summary
Bemisia tabaci comprised 46% of bean whiteflies in the middle of the rainy season.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on beane0
- Value
- 46%e0
- Qualifier
- in the middle of the rainy seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on bean comprised ≈10% of the total whitefly population at the end of the dry season, 46% in the middle of the rainy season”
Claim · model-written summary
Bemisia tabaci comprised 1.15% of bean whiteflies toward the end of the rainy season.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on beane0
- Value
- 1.15%e0
- Qualifier
- toward the end of the rainy seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on bean comprised ≈10% of the total whitefly population at the end of the dry season, 46% in the middle of the rainy season, when overall populations were lowest, and 1.15% toward the end of the rainy season”
Claim · model-written summary
Encarsia pergandiella was the predominant whitefly parasitoid.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Interactor
- Encarsia pergandiellaEncarsia pergandiellae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- predominant whitefly parasitoide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Encarsia pergandiella Howard was the predominant whitefly parasitoid throughout the study”
e1“common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Encarsia pergandiella was the only parasitoid reared from whitefly nymphs on bean in the dry season.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Interactor
- Encarsia pergandiellaEncarsia pergandiellae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- only parasitoid reared from whitefly nymphse0
Verbatim
e0“the only parasitoid reared from whitefly nymphs on bean in the dry season”
e1“Encarsia pergandiella Howard was the predominant whitefly parasitoid throughout the study”
Claim · model-written summary
Members of the Encarsia meritoria species complex were recovered from tomato in the rainy season.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- Encarsia meritoria species complexEncarsia meritoriae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- were recovered from tomatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Members of the Encarsia meritoria species complex and Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker were recovered from tomato during the rainy season”
Claim · model-written summary
Amitus fuscipennis was recovered from tomato in the rainy season.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Amitus fuscipennise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- were recovered from tomatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Members of the Encarsia meritoria species complex and Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker were recovered from tomato during the rainy season”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoid diversity increased on tomato intercropped with roselle and corn during the rainy season.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- intercropped with roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.)e0
- Outcome
- Parasitoid diversitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- tomato grown in monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parasitoid diversity increased in the rainy season on tomato intercropped with roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) compared with tomato grown in monoculture”
The same questions in other papers
imidacloprid · pest · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
intercropping · pest · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.