Abstract
Seed yields, yield components, pest incidence and damage were examined in two field experiments of mixed intercropping of oats (Avena sativa) with field beans (Vicia faba) in Southern Finland in 1984—1985.The stand types were monocrops and replacement series of mixtures with 2/3 and 1/3 or 1/3 and 2/3 of oats and beans, respectively, on plots treated or not treated with insecticide. In the first season when the overall performance of the crops was poor and the numbers of the main pest Rhopalosiphum padi (Horn., Aphididae) on oats low, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) index indicated an intercropping advantage in the bean yield and a disadvantage in the oat yield, the insecticide treatment having no effect on the overall nor on the relative performance of the component crops. The site used during the second season was of high fertility, thus favouring oats over beans. The LERs indicated no advantage or disadvantage in mixed cropping for either oats or beans when R. padi was not controlled. Spraying against R. padi improved the performance of oats, the mixture with 1/3 oats showing an advantage over the monocrop. Simultaneously, there were signs (p = 0.08) of a reduction in the relative performance of the beans. The indicative results support the hypothesis of interspecific dynamics in compensatory yielding as an element of improved reliability in intercropping. The yield components most sensitive to the change in cropping pattern were the number of panicles per plant in oats and the seed weight in beans, both increasing in the mixtures. Compared to known responses to stand density in monocrops, the beans responded to the mixed cropping in a more specific way than the oats. Mixed cropping increased the numbers of aphids in oats. There were signs of a reduced incidence, but not of a reduced average colony size, of Aphis fabae, and of a reduced rate of notching by Sitona spp. weevils on beans in mixed cropping. The results for damage by the frit fly (Oscinella frit) were inconclusive.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping advantaged bean yield in the first season.
Verbatim
e0“In the first season when the overall performance of the crops was poor and the numbers of the main pest Rhopalosiphum padi (Horn., Aphididae) on oats low, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) index indicated an intercropping advantage in the bean yield and a disadvantage in the oat yield, the insecticide treatment having no effect on the overall nor on the relative performance of the component crops.”
t0“field beans (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping disadvantaged oat yield in the first season.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- oat yielde0
- Direction
- disadvantagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first season when the overall performance of the crops was poor and the numbers of the main pest Rhopalosiphum padi (Horn., Aphididae) on oats low, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) index indicated an intercropping advantage in the bean yield and a disadvantage in the oat yield, the insecticide treatment having no effect on the overall nor on the relative performance of the component crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide did not change crop performance in the first season.
- Taxon
- oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba)
Vicia fabaAvena sativat0 - Treatment
- insecticide treatmente0
- Outcome
- performance of the component cropse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the insecticide treatment having no effect on the overall nor on the relative performance of the component crops.”
t0“oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without aphid control, mixed cropping offered neither crop a yield advantage in season two.
- Taxon
- oats or beanse0
- Interactor
- R. padi
_Figure_1_a.jpg?width=60)
Rhopalosiphum padie0pest - Outcome
- no advantage or disadvantage in mixed croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_1_a.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The LERs indicated no advantage or disadvantage in mixed cropping for either oats or beans when R. padi was not controlled.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid spraying improved oat performance, particularly at one-third oats.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Spraying against R. padie0
- Interactor
- R. padiRhopalosiphum padie0pest
- Outcome
- performance of oatse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- monocrope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying against R. padi improved the performance of oats, the mixture with 1/3 oats showing an advantage over the monocrop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid spraying showed a possible reduction in bean relative performance.
- Taxon
- beanse0
- Treatment
- Spraying against R. padie1
- Outcome
- relative performance of the beanse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- p = 0.08e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneously, there were signs (p = 0.08) of a reduction in the relative performance of the beans.”
t0“oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba)”
e1“Spraying against R. padi”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat panicle number increased in mixtures.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- mixturese0
- Outcome
- number of panicles per plante0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield components most sensitive to the change in cropping pattern were the number of panicles per plant in oats and the seed weight in beans, both increasing in the mixtures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean seed weight increased in mixtures.
Verbatim
e0“The yield components most sensitive to the change in cropping pattern were the number of panicles per plant in oats and the seed weight in beans, both increasing in the mixtures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping increased aphid numbers on oats.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Mixed croppinge0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- numbers of aphidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed cropping increased the numbers of aphids in oats.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping showed signs of reducing Aphis fabae incidence on beans.
- Taxon
- beanse0
- Treatment
- mixed croppinge0
- Interactor
- Aphis fabae
Aphis fabaee0pest - Outcome
- reduced incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were signs of a reduced incidence, but not of a reduced average colony size, of Aphis fabae, and of a reduced rate of notching by Sitona spp. weevils on beans in mixed cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping did not reduce Aphis fabae colony size.
- Taxon
- beanse0
- Treatment
- mixed croppinge0
- Interactor
- Aphis fabaeAphis fabaee0pest
- Outcome
- average colony size, of Aphis fabaee0
- Direction
- not of a reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were signs of a reduced incidence, but not of a reduced average colony size, of Aphis fabae, and of a reduced rate of notching by Sitona spp. weevils on beans in mixed cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping showed signs of reduced Sitona weevil notching of beans.
- Taxon
- beanse0
- Treatment
- mixed croppinge0
- Interactor
- Sitona spp. weevilse0pest
- Outcome
- rate of notching by Sitona spp. weevilse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“There were signs of a reduced incidence, but not of a reduced average colony size, of Aphis fabae, and of a reduced rate of notching by Sitona spp. weevils on beans in mixed cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Frit fly damage results were inconclusive.
- Taxon
- oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba)Vicia fabaAvena sativat0
- Interactor
- Oscinella frit
Oscinella frite0pest - Outcome
- damage by the frit fly (Oscinella frit)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results for damage by the frit fly (Oscinella frit) were inconclusive.”
t0“oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba)”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · pest · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →intercropping · Aphis fabae · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.