Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon fixation (A(N) ) and photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) are affected by different environmental stress factors, such as those associated with climate change. Under stress conditions, it can be generated an electron excess that cannot be consumed, which can react with O₂, producing reactive oxygen species. This work was aimed to evaluate the influence of climate change (elevated CO₂, elevated temperature and moderate drought) on the antioxidant status of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv. Tempranillo leaves, from veraison to ripeness. The lowest ratios between electrons generated (ETR) and consumed (A(N) + respiration + photorespiration) were observed in plants treated with elevated CO₂ and elevated temperature. In partially irrigated plants under current ambient conditions, electrons not consumed seemed to be diverted to alternative ways. Oxidative damage to chlorophylls and carotenoids was not observed. However, these plants had increases in thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, an indication of lipid peroxidation. These increases matched well with an early rise of H₂O₂ and antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6). Enzymatic activities were maintained high until ripeness. In conclusion, plants grown under current ambient conditions and moderate drought were less efficient to cope with oxidative damage than well-irrigated plants, and more interestingly, plants grown under moderate drought but treated with elevated CO₂ and elevated temperature were not affected by oxidative damage, mainly because of higher rates of electrons consumed in photosynthetic carbon fixation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature produced the lowest ratios of generated to consumed electrons in grapevine.
- Treatment
- elevated CO₂ and elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- ratios between electrons generated (ETR) and consumed (A(N) + respiration + photorespiration)e0
- Direction
- loweste0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest ratios between electrons generated (ETR) and consumed (A(N) + respiration + photorespiration) were observed in plants treated with elevated CO₂ and elevated temperature.”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under current ambient conditions with partial irrigation, unconsumed electrons seemed to enter alternative pathways.
- Treatment
- partially irrigatede0
- Outcome
- electrons not consumed seemed to be diverted to alternative wayse0
- Qualifier
- under current ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In partially irrigated plants under current ambient conditions, electrons not consumed seemed to be diverted to alternative ways.”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxidative damage to grapevine chlorophylls and carotenoids was not observed.
- Outcome
- Oxidative damage to chlorophylls and carotenoids was not observede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oxidative damage to chlorophylls and carotenoids was not observed.”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Partially irrigated grapevine plants had increased thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, indicating lipid peroxidation.
- Treatment
- partially irrigatede1
- Outcome
- thiobarbituric acid reacting substancese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- under current ambient conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, these plants had increases in thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, an indication of lipid peroxidation.”
e1“In partially irrigated plants under current ambient conditions, electrons not consumed seemed to be diverted to alternative ways.”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in lipid-peroxidation indicators coincided with an early rise in H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These increases matched well with an early rise of H₂O₂ and antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6).”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities remained high until grapevine ripeness.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzymatic activities were maintained high until ripeness.”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drought under current ambient conditions made grapevine less efficient at coping with oxidative damage than well-irrigated plants.
- Treatment
- moderate droughte0
- Outcome
- cope with oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- less efficiente0
- Qualifier
- under current ambient conditionse0
- Comparator
- well-irrigated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants grown under current ambient conditions and moderate drought were less efficient to cope with oxidative damage than well-irrigated plants”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature protected moderately droughted grapevine from oxidative damage, mainly through higher electron consumption in carbon fixation.
- Treatment
- elevated CO₂ and elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- not affected by oxidative damagee0
- Qualifier
- higher rates of electrons consumed in photosynthetic carbon fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants grown under moderate drought but treated with elevated CO₂ and elevated temperature were not affected by oxidative damage, mainly because of higher rates of electrons consumed in photosynthetic carbon fixation.”
t0“grapevine”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: oxidative · VitisResults differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →irrigation · molecular: metabolites · VitisPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.