Abstract
We have examined the hypothesis that cytokinins transported from roots to shoots affects leaf growth, stomatal conductance, and cytokinin concentration of leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar (<it>Populus trichocarpa</it> × <it>Populus deltoides</it>) with hypoxic roots. Because cytokinins may interact with other substances, potassium and calcium concentrations were determined in xylem sap of <it>Populus</it> plants with hypoxic and aerated roots while gibberellin (GA) concentrations were measured in shoot tissues. Root hypoxia decreased leaf growth and closed stomata in both species. In both species, fluxes of cytokinins out of the roots were reduced, but no differences in bulk leaf concentrations were measured between the hypoxic and aerated plants. Shoots with aerated roots contained slightly higher concentrations of GA<inf>1</inf> and GA<inf>3</inf> than shoots from hypoxic plants. There were no differences in calcium or potassium concentrations in xylem sap between aeration treatments. Exogenously applied cytokinins did not alleviate the growth or stomatal responses caused by root hypoxia. Information on the site(s) and mechanism(s) of cytokinin action and the ways in which cytokinins are compartmentalized within plant cells will be required to understand the physiological significance of cytokinin transport in the transpirational stream.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Root hypoxia reduced leaf growth in Phaseolus.
PhaseolusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hypoxia decreased leaf growth and closed stomata in both species.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Root hypoxia closed stomata in Phaseolus.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hypoxia decreased leaf growth and closed stomata in both species.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Root hypoxia reduced leaf growth in hybrid poplar.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hypoxia decreased leaf growth and closed stomata in both species.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Root hypoxia closed stomata in hybrid poplar.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hypoxia decreased leaf growth and closed stomata in both species.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia reduced cytokinin flux from Phaseolus roots.
- Treatment
- hypoxice0
- Outcome
- fluxes of cytokinins out of the rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- aerated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both species, fluxes of cytokinins out of the roots were reduced, but no differences in bulk leaf concentrations were measured between the hypoxic and aerated plants.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia reduced cytokinin flux from poplar roots.
- Treatment
- hypoxice0
- Outcome
- fluxes of cytokinins out of the rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- aerated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both species, fluxes of cytokinins out of the roots were reduced, but no differences in bulk leaf concentrations were measured between the hypoxic and aerated plants.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk leaf cytokinin concentration did not differ with root hypoxia in Phaseolus.
- Treatment
- hypoxice0
- Outcome
- bulk leaf concentrationse0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- aerated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences in bulk leaf concentrations were measured between the hypoxic and aerated plants.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk leaf cytokinin concentration did not differ with root hypoxia in poplar.
- Treatment
- hypoxice0
- Outcome
- bulk leaf concentrationse0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- aerated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences in bulk leaf concentrations were measured between the hypoxic and aerated plants.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerated-root shoots had slightly higher GA1 and GA3 concentrations.
- Treatment
- aerated rootse0
- Outcome
- concentrations of GA<inf>1</inf> and GA<inf>3</inf>e0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Comparator
- hypoxic plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoots with aerated roots contained slightly higher concentrations of GA<inf>1</inf> and GA<inf>3</inf> than shoots from hypoxic plants.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem sap calcium and potassium did not differ between aeration treatments.
- Treatment
- aeration treatmentse0
- Outcome
- calcium or potassium concentrations in xylem sape0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in calcium or potassium concentrations in xylem sap between aeration treatments.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied cytokinins did not alleviate hypoxia-induced growth or stomatal responses.
- Treatment
- Exogenously applied cytokininse0
- Outcome
- growth or stomatal responsese0
- Direction
- did not alleviatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenously applied cytokinins did not alleviate the growth or stomatal responses caused by root hypoxia.”
e1“leaves of Phaseolus and a hybrid poplar”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.