Abstract
The somatic recombinogenic activity of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil, in diploid Aspergillus nidulans was found similar to that caused by aromatic hydrocarbon and dicarboximide fungicides (AHDFs), such as iprodione, chlozolinate and tolclofos–methyl. All these fungicides not only increased the number of mitotic recombinants but also provided similar appearance, small sectors, of white and yellow mitotic recombination products. Fludioxonil highly resistant strains (resistant factor approximately 5000) of Botrytis cinerea were isolated at high frequency (1.08 × 10 −5 ). Study of cross‐resistance patterns of mutant strains to other fungicides, revealed cross‐resistance of fludioxonil with dicarboximides (iprodione, procymidone, and chlozolinate) and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as tolclofos–methyl, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), tecnazene and chloroneb. The positive cross‐resistance relationships found between phenylpyrroles and members of the AHDFs and their ability to increase mitotic instability in diploid A. nidulans , indicate that phenylpyrroles should be included with AHDFs. A study of fitness parameters in wild‐type and representative fludioxonil‐resistant mutants of B. cinerea , showed that the mutation(s) leading to fludioxonil resistance may or may not affect some fitness‐determining characteristics, such as sensitivity to high osmolarity, growth rate, conidial germination and germ‐tube elongation. Pathogenicity tests on cucumber seedlings showed that an osmosensitive representative strain of B. cinerea , resistant to fludioxonil, was as virulent as the wild‐type strain. The phenylpyrrole fungicide was ineffective, even in high concentrations, to control grey mould caused by this isolate.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fludioxonil somatic recombinogenic activity in diploid Aspergillus nidulans was similar to that of AHDF fungicides.
- Taxon
- Aspergillus nidulans
Aspergillus nidulanse1 - Treatment
- fludioxonile1
- Outcome
- somatic recombinogenic activitye1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- aromatic hydrocarbon and dicarboximide fungicides (AHDFs)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The somatic recombinogenic activity of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil, in diploid Aspergillus nidulans was found similar to that caused by aromatic hydrocarbon and dicarboximide fungicides (AHDFs), such as iprodione, chlozolinate and tolclofos–methyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Fludioxonil highly resistant Botrytis cinerea strains (resistance factor about 5000) were isolated at high frequency (about 1.08 x 10^-5).
- Taxon
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae2 - Outcome
- isolated at high frequencye2
- Value
- 1.08 × 10 −5e2
- Qualifier
- resistant factor approximately 5000e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fludioxonil highly resistant strains (resistant factor approximately 5000) of Botrytis cinerea were isolated at high frequency (1.08 × 10 −5 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant strains of Botrytis cinerea showed cross-resistance of fludioxonil with dicarboximides and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Taxon
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae2
- Compound
- fludioxonile3
- Outcome
- cross‐resistancee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fludioxonil highly resistant strains (resistant factor approximately 5000) of Botrytis cinerea were isolated at high frequency (1.08 × 10 −5 )”
e3“Study of cross‐resistance patterns of mutant strains to other fungicides, revealed cross‐resistance of fludioxonil with dicarboximides (iprodione, procymidone, and chlozolinate) and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as tolclofos–methyl, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), tecnazene and chloroneb”
Claim · model-written summary
Fludioxonil-resistance mutations of Botrytis cinerea may or may not affect fitness parameters.
- Taxon
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae2
- Outcome
- fitness parameterse4
- Qualifier
- may or may not affecte4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fludioxonil highly resistant strains (resistant factor approximately 5000) of Botrytis cinerea were isolated at high frequency (1.08 × 10 −5 )”
e4“A study of fitness parameters in wild‐type and representative fludioxonil‐resistant mutants of B. cinerea , showed that the mutation(s) leading to fludioxonil resistance may or may not affect some fitness‐determining characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
An osmosensitive fludioxonil-resistant strain of Botrytis cinerea was as virulent on cucumber seedlings as the wild-type strain.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse5 - Treatment
- osmosensitive representative straine5
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae5pathogen
- Outcome
- Pathogenicitye5
- Direction
- as virulent ase5
- Comparator
- wild-type straine5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Pathogenicity tests on cucumber seedlings showed that an osmosensitive representative strain of B. cinerea , resistant to fludioxonil, was as virulent as the wild-type strain”
Claim · model-written summary
The phenylpyrrole fungicide was ineffective, even at high concentrations, in controlling grey mould on cucumber caused by the osmosensitive isolate of Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse5
- Treatment
- phenylpyrrole fungicidee6
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae5pathogen
- Outcome
- control grey moulde6
- Direction
- ineffectivee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Pathogenicity tests on cucumber seedlings showed that an osmosensitive representative strain of B. cinerea , resistant to fludioxonil, was as virulent as the wild-type strain”
e6“The phenylpyrrole fungicide was ineffective, even in high concentrations, to control grey mould caused by this isolate”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · Botrytis cinerea · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.