Abstract
Abstract Two tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars King Kong 2 (KK2) and FMTT 260 (FMTT) were grown in a net‐covered greenhouse in Central Thailand to investigate the influence of fruit applications of combined aqueous calcium (Ca) and boron (B) solutions amended or not with the tenside Glucopon® on fruit yield and quality. Special attention was paid on blossom‐end rot (BER) and fruit cracking (FC), two prevailing disorders in tomato and main causes for non‐marketability of tomato fruits under the conditions of protected cultivation in Central Thailand. While no effect of the additional Ca and B applications on total fruit yield was observed, the composition of the non‐marketable fraction of fruit yield differed significantly between treatments and cultivars. Cultivar KK2 proved to be highly susceptible to both BER and FC and, therefore, produced less marketable fruits than cv. FMTT. The Ca and B sprays decreased the incidence of BER but increased FC at the same time. Addition of the tenside Glucopon® to the Ca and B solutions did not yield any further advantage. The contrasting effect of the Ca and B sprays on BER and FC resulted in similar levels of non‐marketable fruit yield in the treatments with or without the sprays for both cultivars. The nutrient status in different fruit segments was surveyed during fruit development. The Ca concentration in the distal end of the fruit during the time of rapid fruit growth was correlated with the BER incidence in mature fruits. Since additional Ca and B sprays are labor‐intensive and did not significantly reduce the portion of non‐marketable fruits, the selection of cultivars insusceptible to BER and FC appears to be of highest priority when conditions favoring these disorders are to be expected. This is particularly true for protected cultivation in Central Thailand.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and boron applications did not change total fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- additional Ca and B applicationse0
- Outcome
- total fruit yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no effect of the additional Ca and B applications on total fruit yield was observed”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The composition of nonmarketable yield differed across treatments and cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- composition of the non‐marketable fraction of fruit yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the composition of the non‐marketable fraction of fruit yield differed significantly between treatments and cultivars.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
KK2 was susceptible to blossom end rot and fruit cracking.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- KK2e0
- Outcome
- highly susceptible to both BER and FCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar KK2 proved to be highly susceptible to both BER and FC”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
KK2 produced fewer marketable fruits than FMTT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- KK2e0
- Outcome
- marketable fruitse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- FMTTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar KK2 proved to be highly susceptible to both BER and FC and, therefore, produced less marketable fruits than cv. FMTT.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and boron sprays decreased blossom end rot incidence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ca and B sprayse0
- Outcome
- incidence of BERe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ca and B sprays decreased the incidence of BER but increased FC at the same time.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and boron sprays increased fruit cracking.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ca and B sprayse0
- Outcome
- FCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ca and B sprays decreased the incidence of BER but increased FC at the same time.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Glucopon gave no further advantage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Addition of the tenside Glucopon®e0
- Outcome
- further advantagee0
- Direction
- did not yielde0
- Comparator
- Ca and B solutionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of the tenside Glucopon® to the Ca and B solutions did not yield any further advantage.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonmarketable yield was similar with and without sprays in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- with or without the sprayse0
- Outcome
- non‐marketable fruit yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- without the sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar levels of non‐marketable fruit yield in the treatments with or without the sprays for both cultivars.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal fruit calcium concentration during rapid growth correlated with mature blossom end rot incidence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- distal end of the fruite0
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- BER incidence in mature fruitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ca concentration in the distal end of the fruit during the time of rapid fruit growth was correlated with the BER incidence in mature fruits.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors prioritize cultivars resistant to both disorders under favorable conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- selection of cultivars insusceptible to BER and FCe0
- Qualifier
- when conditions favoring these disorders are to be expectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the selection of cultivars insusceptible to BER and FC appears to be of highest priority when conditions favoring these disorders are to be expected.”
t0“tomato”
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