Abstract
Mycotoxins in cereals are an economic and health problem. They are mainly produced in the field and are influenced by environmental conditions during ripening and by agricultural practices. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of combined agronomic techniques on fumonisins and deoxynivalenol contamination in maize kernels. Six experimental fields were prepared in North Italy from 2005 to 2007. Two hybrids with different maturity times and 6 different combinations of agricultural practices (sowing time, plant density, N fertilisation and European corn borer (ECB) control with insecticide) were compared for ECB incidence and severity, Fusarium ear rot incidence and severity, F. verticillioides and F. graminearum kernel infection and fumonisin and deoxynivalenol contamination. In temperate climates, where ECB attack is consistent, the production of maize kernels with a low fumonisin content can be enhanced by a correct insecticide application against second-generation ECB larvae and by an early sowing date. In this study the application of the most careful practice led to a reduction in the Fusarium ear rot severity and fumonisin by 62% and 91%, respectively, compared to the worst practice. The fumonisin levels were less affected by N fertility, plant density and hybrid maturity. The presence of deoxynivalenol is related to late sowing and harvesting times, late maturity hybrids, high plant density and N fertilisation. The insecticide treatments did not significantly reduce deoxynivalenol contamination. The data in this study clearly show that the application of good agricultural practices in crop management strategies can effectively lead to good control of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The most careful practice reduced Fusarium ear rot severity by 62% relative to the worst practice.
- Treatment
- most careful practicee0
- Outcome
- Fusarium ear rot severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- worst practicee0
Zea mays
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of the most careful practice led to a reduction in the Fusarium ear rot severity and fumonisin by 62% and 91%, respectively, compared to the worst practice”
t0“maize kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
The most careful practice reduced fumonisin by 91% relative to the worst practice.
- Treatment
- most careful practicee0
- Outcome
- fumonisine0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 91%e0
- Comparator
- worst practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of the most careful practice led to a reduction in the Fusarium ear rot severity and fumonisin by 62% and 91%, respectively, compared to the worst practice”
t0“maize kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Correct insecticide application against second generation ECB larvae can enhance low fumonisin maize production.
- Treatment
- correct insecticide applicatione0
- Interactor
- ECB larvaee0pest
- Outcome
- production of maize kernels with a low fumonisin content can be enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the production of maize kernels with a low fumonisin content can be enhanced by a correct insecticide application against second-generation ECB larvae”
t0“maize kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing can enhance production of maize with low fumonisin content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the production of maize kernels with a low fumonisin content can be enhanced by a correct insecticide application against second-generation ECB larvae and by an early sowing date”
t0“maize kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertility, plant density and hybrid maturity affected fumonisin levels less.
- Treatment
- N fertility, plant density and hybrid maturitye0
- Outcome
- fumonisin levelse0
- Direction
- less affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fumonisin levels were less affected by N fertility, plant density and hybrid maturity.”
t0“maize kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Deoxynivalenol presence was related to late sowing and harvesting.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of deoxynivalenol is related to late sowing and harvesting times”
t0“maize kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Deoxynivalenol presence was related to late maturity hybrids.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of deoxynivalenol is related to late sowing and harvesting times, late maturity hybrids”
t0“maize kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Deoxynivalenol presence was related to high plant density and nitrogen fertilisation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of deoxynivalenol is related to late sowing and harvesting times, late maturity hybrids, high plant density and N fertilisation.”
t0“maize kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treatments did not significantly reduce deoxynivalenol contamination.
- Treatment
- insecticide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- deoxynivalenol contaminatione0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The insecticide treatments did not significantly reduce deoxynivalenol contamination.”
t0“maize kernels”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.