Abstract
Plant viruses are excellent tools for studying microbial-plant interactions as well as the complexities of host activities. Our study focuses on the role of C2 encoded by Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) in the virus-plant interaction. Using BSCTV C2 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, a C2-interacting protein, S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase 1 (SAMDC1), was identified from an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library. The interaction was confirmed by an in vitro pull-down assay and a firefly luciferase complemention imaging assay in planta. Biochemical analysis further showed that the degradation of the SAMDC1 protein was inhibited by MG132, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, and that C2 could attenuate the degradation of the SAMDC1 protein. Genetic analysis showed that loss of function of SAMDC1 resulted in reduced susceptibility to BSCTV infection and reduced viral DNA accumulation, similar to the effect of BSCTV C2 deficiency. Bisulfite sequencing analysis further showed that C2 deficiency caused enhanced DNA methylation of the viral genome in infected plants. We also showed that C2 can suppress de novo methylation in the FWA transgenic assay in the C2 transgene background. Overexpression of SAMDC1 can mimic the suppressive activity of C2 against green fluorescent protein-directed silencing. These results suggest that C2 interferes with the host defense mechanism of DNA methylation-mediated gene silencing by attenuating the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of SAMDC1.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A C2-interacting SAMDC1 protein was identified in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase 1 (SAMDC1)e0
- Outcome
- C2-interacting proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a C2-interacting protein, S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase 1 (SAMDC1), was identified from an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library.”
Claim · model-written summary
The C2–SAMDC1 interaction was confirmed in vitro and in planta.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Outcome
- interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction was confirmed by an in vitro pull-down assay and a firefly luciferase complemention imaging assay in planta.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
MG132 inhibited degradation of SAMDC1 protein.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- MG132e0
- Gene
- SAMDC1e0
- Outcome
- degradation of the SAMDC1 proteine0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degradation of the SAMDC1 protein was inhibited by MG132, a 26S proteasome inhibitor”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 attenuated SAMDC1 protein degradation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- C2e0
- Gene
- SAMDC1e0
- Outcome
- degradation of the SAMDC1 proteine0
- Direction
- attenuatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C2 could attenuate the degradation of the SAMDC1 protein.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
SAMDC1 loss of function reduced BSCTV susceptibility.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- loss of function of SAMDC1e0
- Interactor
- BSCTVe0pathogen
- Gene
- SAMDC1e0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to BSCTV infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of function of SAMDC1 resulted in reduced susceptibility to BSCTV infection and reduced viral DNA accumulation”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
SAMDC1 loss of function reduced viral DNA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- loss of function of SAMDC1e0
- Interactor
- BSCTVe0pathogen
- Gene
- SAMDC1e0
- Outcome
- viral DNA accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of function of SAMDC1 resulted in reduced susceptibility to BSCTV infection and reduced viral DNA accumulation”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 deficiency enhanced methylation of viral DNA in infected plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- C2 deficiencye0
- Interactor
- virale0pathogen
- Outcome
- DNA methylation of the viral genomee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C2 deficiency caused enhanced DNA methylation of the viral genome in infected plants.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 suppressed de novo methylation in the FWA transgenic assay.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- C2e0
- Gene
- FWAe0
- Outcome
- de novo methylatione0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C2 can suppress de novo methylation in the FWA transgenic assay in the C2 transgene background.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
SAMDC1 overexpression mimicked C2 suppression of GFP-directed silencing.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- Overexpression of SAMDC1e0
- Gene
- SAMDC1e0
- Outcome
- green fluorescent protein-directed silencinge0
- Direction
- suppressivee0
- Comparator
- C2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of SAMDC1 can mimic the suppressive activity of C2 against green fluorescent protein-directed silencing.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that C2 interferes with methylation-mediated host defense by attenuating proteasome-mediated SAMDC1 degradation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- SAMDC1e0
- Outcome
- host defense mechanism of DNA methylation-mediated gene silencinge0
- Qualifier
- attenuating the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of SAMDC1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C2 interferes with the host defense mechanism of DNA methylation-mediated gene silencing by attenuating the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of SAMDC1.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library”
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