Abstract
Abstract The major hurdle in the production of commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs) has been the lack of production of appropriate formulations. Of particular importance is the conservation of viability and ecological competence after application. With this in mind studies were conducted to develop formulations of P. anomala which would have these attributes. Cells were grown in molasses-based medium modified with proline to different water availability levels (0.98 and 0.96) which significantly increased (up to 50%) the content of trehalose and arabitol in the yeast cells during liquid broth fermentation. The use of isotonic solutions for harvesting the yeast cells further increased the endogenous content of these compatible solutes as well as glycerol. Fluidised bed drying of cells at 30–80°C was carried out for 10 and 20 min and showed that viability was significantly decreased at 70–80°C. A temperature of 50°C for 20 min was found to be best for viability (70%) and moisture content of <10%. Several additives for conservation of viability showed that cotton seed flour+skimmed milk was the best treatment when dried at 50°C. The biocontrol efficacy of formulated P. anomala cells was tested in laboratory scale studies and this showed that they inhibited growth of Penicillium verrucosum and reduce ochratoxin A production in moist wheat grain under some combinations of water availability. Physiologically modified formulated yeast cells with increased levels of trehalose and arabitol gave similar efficacy as fresh cells. This suggests that ecophysiological manipulation of such BCAs can result in improved ecological competence of such formulations and effective biocontrol.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Modified molasses media increased yeast cell trehalose and arabitol content by up to 50%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- molasses-based medium modified with prolinee0
- Interactor
- yeast cellse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- content of trehalose and arabitol in the yeast cellse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cells were grown in molasses-based medium modified with proline to different water availability levels (0.98 and 0.96) which significantly increased (up to 50%) the content of trehalose and arabitol in the yeast cells during liquid broth fermentation”
e1“moist wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Isotonic harvesting further increased yeast compatible solutes and glycerol.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- isotonic solutionse0
- Interactor
- yeast cellse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- endogenous content of these compatible solutes as well as glycerole0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of isotonic solutions for harvesting the yeast cells further increased the endogenous content of these compatible solutes as well as glycerol”
e1“moist wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Drying at 70–80°C significantly decreased yeast viability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 70–80°Ce0
- Interactor
- cellse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- viabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluidised bed drying of cells at 30–80°C was carried out for 10 and 20 min and showed that viability was significantly decreased at 70–80°C”
e1“moist wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Drying at 50°C for 20 min gave 70% yeast viability and moisture below 10%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A temperature of 50°C for 20 min was found to be best for viability (70%) and moisture content of <10%”
e1“moist wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton seed flour plus skimmed milk was the best additive treatment for preserving yeast viability after drying.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- cotton seed flour+skimmed milke0
- Outcome
- conservation of viabilitye0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- Several additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several additives for conservation of viability showed that cotton seed flour+skimmed milk was the best treatment when dried at 50°C”
e1“moist wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulated P. anomala inhibited Penicillium verrucosum growth in moist wheat grain under some water availability conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- formulated P. anomala cellse0
- Interactor
- Penicillium verrucosumPenicillium verrucosume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. anomalae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth of Penicillium verrucosume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- under some combinations of water availabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biocontrol efficacy of formulated P. anomala cells was tested in laboratory scale studies and this showed that they inhibited growth of Penicillium verrucosum and reduce ochratoxin A production in moist wheat grain under some combinations of water availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulated P. anomala reduced ochratoxin A production in moist wheat grain under some water availability conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- formulated P. anomala cellse0
- Interactor
- Penicillium verrucosumPenicillium verrucosume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. anomalae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ochratoxin A productione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- under some combinations of water availabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biocontrol efficacy of formulated P. anomala cells was tested in laboratory scale studies and this showed that they inhibited growth of Penicillium verrucosum and reduce ochratoxin A production in moist wheat grain under some combinations of water availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified formulated yeast cells had efficacy similar to fresh cells.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Physiologically modified formulated yeast cellse0
- Interactor
- yeast cellse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- fresh cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Physiologically modified formulated yeast cells with increased levels of trehalose and arabitol gave similar efficacy as fresh cells”
e1“moist wheat grain”
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.