Abstract
1. To evaluate selection criteria in grass breeding, a series of investigations was conducted measuring plant performance in a wide range of field environments. 2. This paper reports on the behaviour of one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24, grown in a logarithmically related series of densities and frequently defoliated for 2 years. Half the plots received only natural rainfall, the rest were irrigated so that the calculated soil moisture deficit did not exceed 2 in. 3. In 1958, with little effect of irrigation, swards yielded most per unit area, widest spacing (24 in.) least; there were no significant differences in yields from the other densities (3, 6 and 12 in.). In 1959, when yields were lower, irrigation increased production in all plots, the higher the density the greater the increase. In contrast to 1958, over the range of spaced densities, the higher the density the greater the yield. Individual harvests did not always conform to the annual pattern. 4. Lowest mean production per plant was from broadcast plots in both 1958 and 1959, yields of plants from 3, 6 and 12 in. plots showed a linear increase with a reduction in density, those from 24 in., though heaviest, yielded less than linear expectation. In 1959 irrigation increased yields per plant. 5. Of the components of yield, number of sterile tillers gave the best estimate of total fresh weight (95·3% reliability). However, total number of tillers (sterile plus fertile) was almost as efficient (94%). Tiller weight was a much less reliable index. 6. The results and their value in establishing efficient criteria for selection in grass breeding are discussed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
In 1958, the widest spacing (24 in.) gave the lowest yield per unit area of Lolium perenne swards.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne
Lolium perennee2 - Treatment
- widest spacing (24 in.)e1
- Outcome
- per unit areae1
- Direction
- leaste1
- Qualifier
- In 1958, with little effect of irrigatione1
- Comparator
- other densities (3, 6 and 12 in.)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 1958, with little effect of irrigation, swards yielded most per unit area, widest spacing (24 in.) least; there were no significant differences in yields from the other densities (3, 6 and 12 in.)”
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1958, yields did not differ significantly among the 3, 6 and 12 in. densities.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Treatment
- other densities (3, 6 and 12 in.)e1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 1958, with little effect of irrigation, swards yielded most per unit area, widest spacing (24 in.) least; there were no significant differences in yields from the other densities (3, 6 and 12 in.)”
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1959, irrigation increased production in all plots, with larger gains at higher density.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Treatment
- irrigatione3
- Outcome
- productione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- in all plotse3
- Comparator
- natural rainfalle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e3“In 1959, when yields were lower, irrigation increased production in all plots, the higher the density the greater the increase”
e4“Half the plots received only natural rainfall”
Claim · model-written summary
Across the spaced densities, yield was greater at higher density, in contrast to 1958.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Treatment
- densitye5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- greatere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e5“over the range of spaced densities, the higher the density the greater the yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual harvests did not always conform to the annual yield pattern.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Outcome
- Individual harvestse6
- Qualifier
- did not always conform to the annual patterne6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e6“Individual harvests did not always conform to the annual pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean production per plant was lowest in broadcast plots in both 1958 and 1959.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Treatment
- broadcast plotse7
- Outcome
- mean production per plante7
- Direction
- Loweste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e7“Lowest mean production per plant was from broadcast plots in both 1958 and 1959”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield per plant rose linearly as density was reduced across the 3, 6 and 12 in. plots.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Treatment
- reduction in densitye3
- Outcome
- yields of plantse3
- Direction
- linear increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e3“yields of plants from 3, 6 and 12 in. plots showed a linear increase with a reduction in density”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants at 24 in. spacing yielded less than linear expectation, although they were the heaviest.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Treatment
- 24 in.e4
- Outcome
- yieldede4
- Direction
- less than linear expectatione4
- Comparator
- linear expectatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e4“those from 24 in., though heaviest, yielded less than linear expectation”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1959, irrigation increased yield per plant.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Treatment
- irrigatione5
- Outcome
- yields per plante5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- natural rainfalle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e4“Half the plots received only natural rainfall”
e5“In 1959 irrigation increased yields per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Among yield components, number of sterile tillers was the best estimate of total fresh weight (95.3% reliability).
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Outcome
- best estimate of total fresh weighte6
- Value
- 95·3%e6
- Comparator
- components of yielde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e6“Of the components of yield, number of sterile tillers gave the best estimate of total fresh weight (95·3% reliability)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total number of tillers (sterile plus fertile) was almost as efficient an estimator of total fresh weight, at 94%.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Outcome
- almost as efficiente7
- Value
- 94%e7
- Comparator
- number of sterile tillerse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e6“Of the components of yield, number of sterile tillers gave the best estimate of total fresh weight (95·3% reliability)”
e7“total number of tillers (sterile plus fertile) was almost as efficient (94%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tiller weight was a much less reliable index than the other yield components.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee2
- Outcome
- reliable indexe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- components of yielde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“one variety of Lolium perenne , S. 24”
e6“Of the components of yield, number of sterile tillers gave the best estimate of total fresh weight (95·3% reliability)”
e0“Tiller weight was a much less reliable index”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
irrigation · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.