Abstract
Significant differences in response to soil moisture stress (SMS) and restricted root zone volume (RRZV) were found in two cultivars of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (‘Forrest’ and ‘Williams’) plants grown under controlled-environment conditions. Leaf water potentials of SMS-treated plants were 0·4-0·6 MPa lower than those of controls and stomata1 conductances 23-56% lower. In the case of RRZV treatment, however, there were no differences in either parameter. Initiation of new leaves as reflected in the plastochron index was strongly reduced by SMS but was unaffected by RRZV. Photosynthetic rates (CO2 fixation dm2 of leaf) of plants given SMS were reduced by 11-21% while those of RRZV-treated plants were unaffected. SMS caused a strong preferential allocation of dry matter to the root at the expense of the shoot in both cultivars. RRZV, however, had no effect on assimilate distribution in ‘Forrest’ and only slightly favoured root growth in ‘Williams.’ Carbohydrate concentrations of both alcohol-soluble and insoluble fractions were increased significantly by SMS, especially in the leaves, but were little affected by RRZV. Nitrogen concentration in the root fraction was reduced by 22-24% and that in the leaf and stem fractions by 7-14% under SMS but was not affected appreciably by RRZV. Phosphorus concentration in the leaf, stem, and root fractions was reduced by 45-65% under SMS but was relatively unaffected by RRZV. These findings suggest that SMS and RRZV are basically different in their mechanism of action and that the impairment of growth resulting from these two stresses may involve different physiological processes. Our results also indicate that the suppressive effects of small containers on plant growth do not necessarily result from inadvertent SMS.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress lowered leaf water potential by 0.4 to 0.6 MPa.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- SMS-treatede0
- Outcome
- Leaf water potentialse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0·4-0·6 MPae0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf water potentials of SMS-treated plants were 0·4-0·6 MPa lower than those of controls”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress lowered stomatal conductance by 23 to 56%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- stomata1 conductancese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 23-56%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomata1 conductances 23-56% lower”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root volume did not change water potential or stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RRZV treatmente0
- Outcome
- either parametere0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the case of RRZV treatment, however, there were no differences in either parameter”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress strongly reduced initiation of new leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SMSe0
- Outcome
- Initiation of new leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initiation of new leaves as reflected in the plastochron index was strongly reduced by SMS”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root volume did not affect initiation of new leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RRZVe0
- Outcome
- unaffectede0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was unaffected by RRZV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress reduced photosynthetic rates 11 to 21%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic rates (CO2 fixation dm2 of leaf) of plants given SMS were reduced by 11-21%”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root volume did not affect photosynthetic rates.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RRZV-treatede0
- Outcome
- unaffectede0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those of RRZV-treated plants were unaffected”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress shifted dry matter allocation toward roots in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SMSe0
- Outcome
- allocation of dry matter to the roote0
- Direction
- preferentiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SMS caused a strong preferential allocation of dry matter to the root at the expense of the shoot in both cultivars”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root volume left assimilate distribution unchanged in Forrest.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- ‘Forrest’e0
- Treatment
- RRZVe0
- Outcome
- assimilate distributione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RRZV, however, had no effect on assimilate distribution in ‘Forrest’”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root volume slightly favored root growth in Williams.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Williamse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- favourede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only slightly favoured root growth in ‘Williams.’”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress significantly raised soluble and insoluble carbohydrate concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- SMSe0
- Outcome
- Carbohydrate concentrations of both alcohol-soluble and insoluble fractionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbohydrate concentrations of both alcohol-soluble and insoluble fractions were increased significantly by SMS, especially in the leaves”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root volume had little effect on carbohydrate concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RRZVe0
- Outcome
- little affectede0
- Direction
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but were little affected by RRZV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress reduced root nitrogen concentration by 22 to 24%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen concentration in the root fractione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22-24%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen concentration in the root fraction was reduced by 22-24%”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress reduced leaf and stem nitrogen by 7 to 14%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SMSe0
- Outcome
- leaf and stem fractionse0
- Value
- 7-14%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that in the leaf and stem fractions by 7-14% under SMS”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root volume did not appreciably affect nitrogen.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RRZVe0
- Outcome
- not affected appreciablye0
- Direction
- not affected appreciablye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was not affected appreciably by RRZV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress reduced phosphorus in leaves, stems and roots by 45 to 65%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SMSe0
- Outcome
- Phosphorus concentration in the leaf, stem, and root fractionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 45-65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus concentration in the leaf, stem, and root fractions was reduced by 45-65% under SMS”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root volume left phosphorus relatively unaffected.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- RRZVe0
- Outcome
- relatively unaffectede0
- Direction
- relatively unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was relatively unaffected by RRZV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The two stresses appear to impair growth by different physiological processes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SMS and RRZVe0
- Outcome
- impairment of growthe0
- Qualifier
- different physiological processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SMS and RRZV are basically different in their mechanism of action and that the impairment of growth resulting from these two stresses may involve different physiological processes”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Small container growth suppression need not result from moisture stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- small containerse0
- Outcome
- suppressive effects of small containers on plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- do not necessarily result from inadvertent SMSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressive effects of small containers on plant growth do not necessarily result from inadvertent SMS”
t0“Soybean”
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