Abstract
The interrelationship among water-stress-induced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) was investigated in leaves of detached maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to -0.7 MPa water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Time-course analyses of ABA content, the production of ROS, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in water-stressed leaves showed that a significant increase in the content of ABA preceded that of ROS, which was followed by a marked increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstate, significantly suppressed the accumulation of ABA, and also reduced the increased generation of ROS and the up-regulation of these antioxidant enzymes in water-stressed leaves. A mild oxidative stress induced by paraquat, which generates O(2)(-) and then H(2)O(2), resulted in a significant enhancement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in non-water-stressed leaves. Pretreatment with some ROS scavengers, such as Tiron and dimethylthiourea (DMTU), and an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), almost completely arrested the increase in ROS and the activities of these antioxidant enzymes induced by water stress or ABA treatment. These data suggest that water stress-induced ABA accumulation triggers the increased generation of ROS, which, in turn, leads to the up-regulation of the antioxidant defence system.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Under water stress, ABA increased before ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities increased afterward.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in the content of ABA preceded that of ROS, which was followed by a marked increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate pretreatment significantly suppressed ABA accumulation in water-stressed leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstate, significantly suppressed the accumulation of ABA”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate pretreatment reduced ROS generation in water-stressed leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also reduced the increased generation of ROS”
t0“maize”
t1“tungstate”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate pretreatment reduced antioxidant enzyme up-regulation in water-stressed leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the increased generation of ROS and the up-regulation of these antioxidant enzymes in water-stressed leaves”
t0“maize”
t1“tungstate”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat-induced mild oxidative stress significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves without water stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A mild oxidative stress induced by paraquat, which generates O(2)(-) and then H(2)O(2), resulted in a significant enhancement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in non-water-stressed leaves”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS scavenger pretreatment almost completely arrested the ROS increase induced by water stress or ABA.
- Treatment
- ROS scavengers, such as Tiron and dimethylthiourea (DMTU)e0
- Outcome
- increase in ROSe0
- Direction
- arrestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with some ROS scavengers, such as Tiron and dimethylthiourea (DMTU), and an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), almost completely arrested the increase in ROS and the activities of these antioxidant enzymes induced by water stress or ABA treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS scavenger pretreatment almost completely arrested antioxidant enzyme activation induced by water stress or ABA.
- Treatment
- ROS scavengers, such as Tiron and dimethylthiourea (DMTU)e0
- Outcome
- activities of these antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- arrestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with some ROS scavengers, such as Tiron and dimethylthiourea (DMTU), and an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), almost completely arrested the increase in ROS and the activities of these antioxidant enzymes induced by water stress or ABA treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Diphenyleneiodonium almost completely arrested ROS increases induced by water stress or ABA.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), almost completely arrested the increase in ROS and the activities of these antioxidant enzymes induced by water stress or ABA treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Diphenyleneiodonium almost completely arrested antioxidant enzyme activation induced by water stress or ABA.
- Treatment
- diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)e0
- Outcome
- activities of these antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- arrestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), almost completely arrested the increase in ROS and the activities of these antioxidant enzymes induced by water stress or ABA treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that water-stress-induced ABA accumulation triggers ROS generation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress-induced ABA accumulation triggers the increased generation of ROS”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that ROS generation up-regulates antioxidant defence.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS, which, in turn, leads to the up-regulation of the antioxidant defence system”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
reactive oxygen species · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
tungstate · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
tungstate · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
tungstate · molecular: expression · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
reactive oxygen species · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
paraquat · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.