Abstract
Energy-use efficiency and energy assimilation, investment and allocation patterns are likely to influence plant growth responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]). Here, we describe the influence of elevated [CO2] on energetic properties as a mechanism of growth responses in Xanthium strumarium. Individuals of X. strumarium were grown at ambient or elevated [CO2] and harvested. Total biomass and energetic construction costs (CC) of leaves, stems, roots and fruits and percentage of total biomass and energy allocated to these components were determined. Photosynthetic energy-use efficiency (PEUE) was calculated as the ratio of total energy gained via photosynthetic activity (Atotal) to leaf CC. Elevated [CO2] increased leaf Atotal, but decreased CC per unit mass of leaves and roots. Consequently, X. strumarium individuals produced more leaf and root biomass at elevated [CO2] without increasing total energy investment in these structures (CCtotal). Whole-plant biomass was associated positively with PEUE. Whole-plant construction required 16.1% less energy than modeled whole-plant energy investment had CC not responded to increased [CO2]. As a physiological mechanism affecting growth, altered energetic properties could positively influence productivity of X. strumarium, and potentially other species, at elevated [CO2].
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased leaf photosynthetic energy assimilation.
- Taxon
- X. strumarium
Xanthium strumariume1 - Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- leaf Atotale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased leaf Atotal”
e1“Individuals of X. strumarium were grown at ambient or elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide lowered leaf construction cost per unit mass.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume1
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- CC per unit mass of leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased leaf Atotal, but decreased CC per unit mass of leaves and roots”
e1“Individuals of X. strumarium were grown at ambient or elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide lowered root construction cost per unit mass.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume1
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- CC per unit mass of leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] increased leaf Atotal, but decreased CC per unit mass of leaves and roots”
e1“Individuals of X. strumarium were grown at ambient or elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased leaf biomass without increasing total energy investment in leaves.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- leaf and root biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X. strumarium individuals produced more leaf and root biomass at elevated [CO2] without increasing total energy investment in these structures (CCtotal)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased root biomass without increasing total energy investment in roots.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X. strumarium individuals produced more leaf and root biomass at elevated [CO2] without increasing total energy investment in these structures (CCtotal)”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant biomass was positively associated with photosynthetic energy-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume1
- Treatment
- [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- Whole-plant biomasse0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Qualifier
- PEUEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole-plant biomass was associated positively with PEUE.”
e1“Individuals of X. strumarium were grown at ambient or elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Measured whole-plant construction used 16.1% less energy than a model without construction-cost responses to elevated carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume1
- Outcome
- Whole-plant constructione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 16.1%e0
- Comparator
- modeled whole-plant energy investmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole-plant construction required 16.1% less energy than modeled whole-plant energy investment had CC not responded to increased [CO2].”
e1“Individuals of X. strumarium were grown at ambient or elevated [CO2]”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · yield · Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →co2 · growth · Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.