Abstract
This work examines the involvement of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in salicylic acid (SA)-induced alleviation of oxidative stress as a result of cadmium (Cd) stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedling roots. CdCl(2) exposure caused severe growth inhibition and Cd accumulation, which were potentiated by pre-treatment with zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPPIX), a potent HO-1 inhibitor. Pre-treatment of plants with the HO-1 inducer haemin or SA, both of which could induce MsHO1 gene expression, significantly reduced the inhibition of growth and Cd accumulation. The alleviation effects were also evidenced by a decreased content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The antioxidant behaviour was confirmed by histochemical staining for the detection of lipid peroxidation and the loss of plasma membrane integrity. Furthermore, haemin and SA pre-treatment modulated the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), or their corresponding transcripts. Significant enhancement of the ratios of reduced/oxidized homoglutathione (hGSH), ascorbic acid (ASA)/dehydroascorbate (DHA), and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+), and expression of their metabolism genes was observed, consistent with a decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution in the root tips. These effects are specific for HO-1, since ZnPPIX blocked the above actions, and the aggravated effects triggered by SA plus ZnPPIX were differentially reversed when carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR), two catalytic by-products of HO-1, was added. Together, the results suggest that HO-1 is involved in the SA-induced alleviation of Cd-triggered oxidative stress by re-establishing redox homeostasis.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
CdCl(2) inhibited growth and caused Cd accumulation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- CdCl(2) exposuree0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition and Cd accumulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CdCl(2) exposure caused severe growth inhibition and Cd accumulation”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnPPIX pretreatment potentiated Cd-induced growth inhibition and Cd accumulation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- pre-treatment with zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPPIX)e0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition and Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- potentiatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CdCl(2) exposure caused severe growth inhibition and Cd accumulation, which were potentiated by pre-treatment with zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPPIX), a potent HO-1 inhibitor.”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Haemin pretreatment induced MsHO1 expression and significantly reduced growth inhibition and Cd accumulation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- haemine0
- Gene
- MsHO1e0
- Outcome
- inhibition of growth and Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatment of plants with the HO-1 inducer haemin or SA, both of which could induce MsHO1 gene expression, significantly reduced the inhibition of growth and Cd accumulation.”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment induced MsHO1 expression and significantly reduced growth inhibition and Cd accumulation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Gene
- MsHO1e0
- Outcome
- inhibition of growth and Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatment of plants with the HO-1 inducer haemin or SA, both of which could induce MsHO1 gene expression, significantly reduced the inhibition of growth and Cd accumulation.”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Haemin reduced TBARS content with antioxidant effects supported by staining.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- haemine1
- Outcome
- content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alleviation effects were also evidenced by a decreased content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The antioxidant behaviour was confirmed by histochemical staining for the detection of lipid peroxidation and the loss of plasma membrane integrity.”
e1“Pre-treatment of plants with the HO-1 inducer haemin or SA”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
SA reduced TBARS content with antioxidant effects supported by staining.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Outcome
- content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alleviation effects were also evidenced by a decreased content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The antioxidant behaviour was confirmed by histochemical staining for the detection of lipid peroxidation and the loss of plasma membrane integrity.”
e1“Pre-treatment of plants with the HO-1 inducer haemin or SA”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Haemin modulated APX, SOD and POD activities or transcripts.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- haemine0
- Outcome
- activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)e0
- Qualifier
- or their corresponding transcriptse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“haemin and SA pre-treatment modulated the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), or their corresponding transcripts”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
SA modulated APX, SOD and POD activities or transcripts.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SA pre-treatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)e0
- Qualifier
- or their corresponding transcriptse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“haemin and SA pre-treatment modulated the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), or their corresponding transcripts”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Redox ratios increased significantly.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- ratios of reduced/oxidized homoglutathione (hGSH), ascorbic acid (ASA)/dehydroascorbate (DHA), and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+)e0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant enhancement of the ratios of reduced/oxidized homoglutathione (hGSH), ascorbic acid (ASA)/dehydroascorbate (DHA), and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+), and expression of their metabolism genes was observed”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of redox metabolism genes increased significantly.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- expression of their metabolism genese0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant enhancement of the ratios of reduced/oxidized homoglutathione (hGSH), ascorbic acid (ASA)/dehydroascorbate (DHA), and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+), and expression of their metabolism genes was observed”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS distribution decreased in root tips.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) distributione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution in the root tips”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnPPIX blocked the protective actions.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnPPIXe0
- Outcome
- the above actionse0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects are specific for HO-1, since ZnPPIX blocked the above actions”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
CO differentially reversed the aggravation caused by SA plus ZnPPIX.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- carbon monoxide (CO)e0
- Outcome
- aggravated effectse0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Qualifier
- differentiallye0
- Comparator
- SA plus ZnPPIXe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aggravated effects triggered by SA plus ZnPPIX were differentially reversed when carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR), two catalytic by-products of HO-1, was added”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
BR differentially reversed the aggravation caused by SA plus ZnPPIX.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- bilirubin (BR)e0
- Outcome
- aggravated effectse0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Qualifier
- differentiallye0
- Comparator
- SA plus ZnPPIXe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aggravated effects triggered by SA plus ZnPPIX were differentially reversed when carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR), two catalytic by-products of HO-1, was added”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
HO-1 is implicated in SA-mediated alleviation of Cd oxidative stress through restoration of redox homeostasis.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Gene
- HO-1e0
- Outcome
- alleviation of Cd-triggered oxidative stresse0
- Qualifier
- by re-establishing redox homeostasise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HO-1 is involved in the SA-induced alleviation of Cd-triggered oxidative stress by re-establishing redox homeostasis”
t0“Medicago sativa”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
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- positive
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- positive
salicylic acid · disease · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.