Abstract
SUMMARY Simazine and prometryne applied to the soil surface in pots at 1·6 and 3·2 kg/ha. 2 days after sowing, did not affect germination or early seedling growth of chickpea. Reductions were noticed under all treatments in the leaf dry weight after 28 days and in the length of the main stem after 42 days. Dry-matter accumulation in the shoot was drastically reduced with simazine but not with prometryne. All treatments retarded dry-matter accumulation in the roots with time. Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages and simazine during later stages. Growth of the rhizobial culture was reduced with increasing concentrations (1–20 mg/1) of both simazine and prometryne. Root nodule initiation was not affected by either of the herbicides but the later production of new nodules and growth of the nodules were reduced in different degrees by various treatments. Overall nodulation was drastically reduced with simazine. Reductions in nodulation with simazine and prometryne appeared to be primarily a case of general root growth reduction. The pink pigment, leghaemoglobin, did not develop at all in the nodules of simazinetreated plants and its concentration was not affected in the nodules of prometrynetreated plants. The N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodules was more in the case of prometryne-treated plants and was nil in the case of simazine-treated ones.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine and prometryne did not affect germination or early seedling growth of chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Simazine and prometryne applied to the soil surface in pots at 1·6 and 3·2 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- germination or early seedling growthe2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e1“Simazine and prometryne applied to the soil surface in pots at 1·6 and 3·2 kg/ha”
e2“did not affect germination or early seedling growth of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf dry weight was reduced under all treatments after 28 days.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse3
- Outcome
- leaf dry weighte3
- Direction
- Reductionse3
- Qualifier
- after 28 dayse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e3“Reductions were noticed under all treatments in the leaf dry weight after 28 days and in the length of the main stem after 42 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Length of the main stem was reduced under all treatments after 42 days.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse3
- Outcome
- length of the main steme3
- Direction
- Reductionse3
- Qualifier
- after 42 dayse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e3“Reductions were noticed under all treatments in the leaf dry weight after 28 days and in the length of the main stem after 42 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine drastically reduced shoot dry-matter accumulation, unlike prometryne.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- simazinee4
- Outcome
- Dry-matter accumulation in the shoote4
- Direction
- drastically reducede4
- Comparator
- prometrynee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e4“Dry-matter accumulation in the shoot was drastically reduced with simazine but not with prometryne”
Claim · model-written summary
Prometryne did not change shoot dry-matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- prometrynee4
- Outcome
- Dry-matter accumulation in the shoote4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e4“Dry-matter accumulation in the shoot was drastically reduced with simazine but not with prometryne”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments retarded root dry-matter accumulation with time.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse5
- Outcome
- dry-matter accumulation in the rootse5
- Direction
- retardede5
- Qualifier
- with timee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e5“All treatments retarded dry-matter accumulation in the roots with time”
Claim · model-written summary
Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Prometrynee6
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- during early growth stagese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e6“Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages and simazine during later stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine reduced chlorophyll content during later growth stages.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- simazinee6
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- during later stagese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e6“Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages and simazine during later stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine and prometryne reduced the growth of the rhizobial culture with increasing concentrations.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- simazine and prometrynee7
- Interactor
- rhizobial culturee7symbiont
- Outcome
- Growth of the rhizobial culturee7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 1–20 mg/1e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e7“Growth of the rhizobial culture was reduced with increasing concentrations (1–20 mg/1) of both simazine and prometryne”
Claim · model-written summary
Root nodule initiation was not affected by either herbicide.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- Root nodulee1
- Treatment
- the herbicidese1
- Outcome
- Root nodule initiatione1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e1“Root nodule initiation was not affected by either of the herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Later production and growth of nodules were reduced in different degrees by the treatments.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- various treatmentse2
- Outcome
- the later production of new nodules and growth of the nodulese2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- in different degreese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e2“the later production of new nodules and growth of the nodules were reduced in different degrees by various treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall nodulation was drastically reduced by simazine.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- simazinee3
- Outcome
- Overall nodulatione3
- Direction
- drastically reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e3“Overall nodulation was drastically reduced with simazine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that reduced nodulation under both herbicides is mainly a result of general root growth reduction.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- simazine and prometrynee4
- Outcome
- Reductions in nodulatione4
- Qualifier
- general root growth reductione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e4“Reductions in nodulation with simazine and prometryne appeared to be primarily a case of general root growth reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Leghaemoglobin did not develop in nodules of simazine-treated plants.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- simazinetreated plantse5
- Gene
- leghaemoglobine5
- Outcome
- pink pigment, leghaemoglobine5
- Direction
- did not develop at alle5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e5“The pink pigment, leghaemoglobin, did not develop at all in the nodules of simazinetreated plants and its concentration was not affected in the nodules of prometrynetreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leghaemoglobin concentration in nodules of prometryne-treated plants was not affected.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- prometrynetreated plantse5
- Gene
- leghaemoglobine5
- Outcome
- its concentratione5
- Direction
- not affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e5“The pink pigment, leghaemoglobin, did not develop at all in the nodules of simazinetreated plants and its concentration was not affected in the nodules of prometrynetreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
N2-fixing efficiency of nodules was higher in prometryne-treated plants.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- prometryne-treated plantse6
- Outcome
- N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodulese6
- Direction
- moree6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e6“The N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodules was more in the case of prometryne-treated plants and was nil in the case of simazine-treated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
N2-fixing efficiency of nodules was nil in simazine-treated plants.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- simazine-treated onese6
- Outcome
- N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodulese6
- Direction
- nile6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nodulation of chickpea”
e6“The N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodules was more in the case of prometryne-treated plants and was nil in the case of simazine-treated ones”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.