Abstract
The effects of gaseous ozone exposure on in vitro growth of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum and development of postharvest green and blue molds on artificially inoculated citrus fruit were evaluated. Valencia oranges were continuously exposed to 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm(vol/vol) ozone at 5°C for 4 weeks. Eureka lemons were exposed to an intermittent day-night ozone cycle (0.3 ± 0.01 ppm ozone only at night) in a commercial cold storage room at 4.5°C for 9 weeks. Both oranges and lemons were continuously exposed to 1.0 ± 0.05 ppm ozone at 10°C in an export container for 2 weeks. Exposure to ozone did not reduce final incidence of green or blue mold, although incidence of both diseases was delayed about 1 week and infections developed more slowly under ozone. Sporulation was prevented or reduced by gaseous ozone without noticeable ozone phytotoxicity to the fruit. A synergistic effect between ozone exposure and low temperature was observed for prevention of sporulation. The proliferation of spores of fungicide-resistant strains of these pathogens, which often develop during storage, may be delayed, presumably prolonging the useful life of postharvest fungicides. In vitro radial growth of P. italicum, but not of P. digitatum, during a 5-day incubation period at 20°C was significantly reduced by a previous 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone exposure at 5°C for 4 days. Inoculum density did not influence the effect of gaseous ozone on decay incidence or severity on oranges exposed to 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone at 20°C for 1 week. Susceptibility of oranges to decay was not affected by a previous continuous exposure to 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone at 20°C for 1 week. A corona discharge ozone generator was effective in abating ethylene in an empty export container.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone did not reduce final green mold incidence in citrus fruit.
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to ozone did not reduce final incidence of green or blue mold”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone did not reduce final blue mold incidence in citrus fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to ozone did not reduce final incidence of green or blue mold”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone delayed green and blue mold incidence about one week.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incidence of both diseases was delayed about 1 week and infections developed more slowly under ozone”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Mold infections developed more slowly under ozone.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infections developed more slowly under ozone”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Gaseous ozone prevented or reduced pathogen sporulation without noticeable fruit phytotoxicity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sporulation was prevented or reduced by gaseous ozone without noticeable ozone phytotoxicity to the fruit.”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone produced no noticeable fruit phytotoxicity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without noticeable ozone phytotoxicity to the fruit”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone and low temperature acted synergistically to prevent sporulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A synergistic effect between ozone exposure and low temperature was observed for prevention of sporulation.”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior ozone significantly reduced in vitro radial growth of P. italicum.
- Treatment
- 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone exposuree0
- Interactor
- P. italicum
Penicillium italicume0pathogen - Outcome
- radial growth of P. italicume0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro radial growth of P. italicum, but not of P. digitatum, during a 5-day incubation period at 20°C was significantly reduced by a previous 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone exposure at 5°C for 4 days.”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior ozone did not significantly reduce in vitro radial growth of P. digitatum.
- Treatment
- 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone exposuree0
- Interactor
- P. digitatum
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- P. digitatume0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro radial growth of P. italicum, but not of P. digitatum, during a 5-day incubation period at 20°C was significantly reduced by a previous 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone exposure at 5°C for 4 days.”
t0“Citrus Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculum density did not influence the ozone effect on orange decay incidence.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculum density did not influence the effect of gaseous ozone on decay incidence or severity on oranges exposed to 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone at 20°C for 1 week.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculum density did not influence the ozone effect on orange decay severity.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculum density did not influence the effect of gaseous ozone on decay incidence or severity on oranges exposed to 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone at 20°C for 1 week.”
Claim · model-written summary
Previous ozone exposure did not affect susceptibility of oranges to decay.
- Taxon
- orangese0
- Treatment
- previous continuous exposure to 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozonee0
- Outcome
- Susceptibility of oranges to decaye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Susceptibility of oranges to decay was not affected by a previous continuous exposure to 0.3 ± 0.05 ppm ozone at 20°C for 1 week.”
Claim · model-written summary
The corona discharge ozone generator abated ethylene in an empty export container.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“A corona discharge ozone generator was effective in abating ethylene in an empty export container.”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · disease · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ozone · disease · CitrusPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
ozone · Penicillium italicum · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ozone · Penicillium digitatum · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.