Abstract
Abstract Spores of fungi that cause postharvest decay of fresh fruit die rapidly in ozonated water. We determined the impact of sporocidal or higher O3 doses on fruit shelf-life and quality. Green mold and sour rot on citrus fruit, caused by Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, respectively, were not reduced by 20 min immersion in 10 ppm O3. These fungi infect through wounds; their spores were placed in shallow wounds (l mm wide by 2 mm deep) 24 hr before treatment. On five peach varieties, the average natural incidence of brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, was reduced from 10.9 to 5.4% by 1 min immersion in 1.5 ppm O3. A treatment of 15 min with 5 ppm O3 further reduced decay to 1.7%, but consistent control of brown rot was associated only with this severe treatment and it caused shallow pits on the fruit. Brown rot caused by spores placed in wounds before treatment was not controlled. Immersion for 1 or 5 min in 5 ppm O3 reduced natural aerobic bacteria populations by 1.1 and 1.6 log10 units, respectively, and yeast and filamentous fungal populations by 0.7 and 1.3 log10 units, respectively. Spores of Botrytis cinerea, cause of gray mold, were sprayed on table grape clusters, the clusters were dried, and then immersed for 1 to 6 min in 10 ppm O3. In two tests, immersion for 1 min in O3 reduced gray mold from 35% among untreated grapes to about 10%, while in two other tests the incidence was only reduced from 35 to 26%. Minor injury to the rachis of grape clusters occurred at high O3 rates. Immersion in ozonated water did not control postharvest decay of citrus fruit, injured peaches and nectarines at doses that reliably controlled decay, and on table grapes control was irregular and caused minor rachis injury at high rates. Key Words: OzoneAgricultural ApplicationsCitrus FruitStone FruitTable Grapes
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonated water did not reduce green mold or sour rot on citrus fruit.
- Treatment
- 20 min immersion in 10 ppm O3e0
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- Green mold and sour rote0
- Direction
- not reducede0
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green mold and sour rot on citrus fruit, caused by Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, respectively, were not reduced by 20 min immersion in 10 ppm O3”
Claim · model-written summary
One minute at 1.5 ppm O3 reduced natural peach brown rot incidence from 10.9 to 5.4%.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicae0 - Treatment
- 1 min immersion in 1.5 ppm O3e0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicola
Monilinia fructicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- natural incidence of brown rote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 10.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On five peach varieties, the average natural incidence of brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, was reduced from 10.9 to 5.4% by 1 min immersion in 1.5 ppm O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifteen minutes at 5 ppm O3 further reduced peach decay to 1.7%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A treatment of 15 min with 5 ppm O3 further reduced decay to 1.7%”
t0“Stone Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The severe peach treatment caused shallow fruit pits.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“consistent control of brown rot was associated only with this severe treatment and it caused shallow pits on the fruit”
t0“Stone Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonated water did not control wound-inoculated peach brown rot.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Brown rot caused by spores placed in wounds before treatment was not controlled”
t0“Stone Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
One minute at 5 ppm O3 reduced natural aerobic bacteria by 1.1 log10 units.
- Taxon
- natural aerobic bacteriae0
- Treatment
- 1 or 5 min in 5 ppm O3e0
- Outcome
- natural aerobic bacteria populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.1 and 1.6 log10 unitse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Immersion for 1 or 5 min in 5 ppm O3 reduced natural aerobic bacteria populations by 1.1 and 1.6 log10 units, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Five minutes at 5 ppm O3 reduced natural aerobic bacteria by 1.6 log10 units.
- Taxon
- natural aerobic bacteriae0
- Treatment
- 5 min in 5 ppm O3e0
- Outcome
- natural aerobic bacteria populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.6 log10 unitse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Immersion for 1 or 5 min in 5 ppm O3 reduced natural aerobic bacteria populations by 1.1 and 1.6 log10 units, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonated water reduced yeast and filamentous fungal populations by 0.7 log10 units after one minute.
- Taxon
- yeast and filamentous fungale0
- Treatment
- Ozonated Watert0
- Outcome
- yeast and filamentous fungal populationse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0.7 and 1.3 log10 unitse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“yeast and filamentous fungal populations by 0.7 and 1.3 log10 units, respectively”
t0“Ozonated Water”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonated water reduced yeast and filamentous fungal populations by 1.3 log10 units after five minutes.
- Taxon
- yeast and filamentous fungale0
- Treatment
- Ozonated Watert0
- Outcome
- yeast and filamentous fungal populationse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0.7 and 1.3 log10 unitse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“yeast and filamentous fungal populations by 0.7 and 1.3 log10 units, respectively”
t0“Ozonated Water”
Claim · model-written summary
One-minute O3 treatment reduced grape gray mold from 35% to about 10% in two tests.
Verbatim
e0“In two tests, immersion for 1 min in O3 reduced gray mold from 35% among untreated grapes to about 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
One-minute O3 treatment reduced grape gray mold from 35% to 26% in two other tests.
- Taxon
- grapest0
- Treatment
- in two other testse0
- Outcome
- incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Qualifier
- 35e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“in two other tests the incidence was only reduced from 35 to 26%”
t0“Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
High O3 rates caused minor injury to grape rachises.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Minor injury to the rachis of grape clusters occurred at high O3 rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozonated water provided irregular postharvest decay control on table grapes.
Verbatim
e0“on table grapes control was irregular and caused minor rachis injury at high rates”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · crop injury · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
application · Monilinia fructicola · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · Penicillium digitatum · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
ozone · Penicillium digitatum · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.