Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key endogenous signal that mediates defense gene expression and disease resistance in many dicotyledonous species. In contrast to tobacco and Arabidopsis, which contain low basal levels of SA, rice has two orders of magnitude higher levels of SA and appears to be insensitive to exogenous SA treatment. To determine the role of SA in rice plants, we have generated SA-deficient transgenic rice by expressing the bacterial salicylate hydroxylase that degrades SA. Depletion of high levels of endogenous SA in transgenic rice does not measurably affect defense gene expression, but reduces the plant's capacity to detoxify reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). SA-deficient transgenic rice contains elevated levels of superoxide and H2O2, and exhibits spontaneous lesion formation in an age- and light-dependent manner. Exogenous application of SA analog benzothiadiazole complements SA deficiency and suppresses ROI levels and lesion formation. Although an increase of conjugated catechol was detected in SA-deficient rice, catechol does not appear to significantly affect ROI levels based on the endogenous catechol data and exogenous catechol treatment. When infected with the blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea), SA-deficient rice exhibits increased susceptibility to oxidative bursts elicited by avirulent isolates. Furthermore, SA-deficient rice is hyperresponsive to oxidative damage caused by paraquat treatment. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that SA plays an important role to modulate redox balance and protect rice plants from oxidative stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rice had two orders of magnitude higher basal SA than tobacco and Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- levels of SAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- two orders of magnitudee0
- Comparator
- tobacco and Arabidopsise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco and Arabidopsis, which contain low basal levels of SA, rice has two orders of magnitude higher levels of SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice appeared insensitive to exogenous SA treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous SA treatmente0
- Outcome
- insensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice has two orders of magnitude higher levels of SA and appears to be insensitive to exogenous SA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
SA depletion did not measurably affect defense gene expression in transgenic rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Depletion of high levels of endogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- defense gene expressione0
- Direction
- does not measurably affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depletion of high levels of endogenous SA in transgenic rice does not measurably affect defense gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
SA depletion reduced transgenic rice capacity to detoxify reactive oxygen intermediates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Depletion of high levels of endogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- capacity to detoxify reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI)e0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depletion of high levels of endogenous SA in transgenic rice does not measurably affect defense gene expression, but reduces the plant's capacity to detoxify reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-deficient rice had elevated superoxide and H2O2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- SA-deficient transgenic ricee0
- Outcome
- levels of superoxide and H2O2e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA-deficient transgenic rice contains elevated levels of superoxide and H2O2”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-deficient rice formed spontaneous lesions depending on age and light.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- SA-deficient transgenic ricee0
- Outcome
- spontaneous lesion formatione0
- Qualifier
- age- and light-dependent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA-deficient transgenic rice contains elevated levels of superoxide and H2O2, and exhibits spontaneous lesion formation in an age- and light-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzothiadiazole suppressed reactive oxygen intermediate levels in SA-deficient rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of SA analog benzothiadiazolee0
- Outcome
- ROI levelse0
- Direction
- suppressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of SA analog benzothiadiazole complements SA deficiency and suppresses ROI levels and lesion formation.”
e1“SA-deficient transgenic rice contains elevated levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzothiadiazole suppressed lesion formation in SA-deficient rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of SA analog benzothiadiazolee0
- Outcome
- lesion formatione0
- Direction
- suppressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of SA analog benzothiadiazole complements SA deficiency and suppresses ROI levels and lesion formation.”
e1“SA-deficient transgenic rice contains elevated levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjugated catechol increased in SA-deficient rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- conjugated catechole0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase of conjugated catechol was detected in SA-deficient rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Catechol did not significantly affect reactive oxygen intermediate levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous catechol treatmente0
- Outcome
- ROI levelse0
- Direction
- does not appear to significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“catechol does not appear to significantly affect ROI levels based on the endogenous catechol data and exogenous catechol treatment”
e1“Although an increase of conjugated catechol was detected in SA-deficient rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-deficient rice was more susceptible to oxidative bursts elicited by avirulent Magnaporthe grisea isolates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- SA-deficient ricee0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthe grisea
Pyricularia griseae0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility to oxidative burstse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When infected with the blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea), SA-deficient rice exhibits increased susceptibility to oxidative bursts elicited by avirulent isolates.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-deficient rice was hyperresponsive to paraquat-induced oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- SA-deficient ricee0
- Treatment
- paraquat treatmente0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- hyperresponsivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA-deficient rice is hyperresponsive to oxidative damage caused by paraquat treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that SA modulates redox balance and protects rice from oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- redox balancee0
- Qualifier
- protect rice plants from oxidative stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA plays an important role to modulate redox balance and protect rice plants from oxidative stress”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →paraquat · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.