Paper · 1971 · Journal of Food Science

DETINNING IN CANNED TOMATOES CAUSED BY ACCUMULATIONS OF NITRATE IN THE FRUIT

R. P. FARROW; J. H. JOHNSON; W. A. GOULD; et al.

18
claims
29
verbatim quotes
23
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

ABSTRACT— The 1965 experimental crop of Floradel variety tomatoes accumulated no nitrate and removed only about 15% of the tin from their containers in a 2‐yr storage period. The 1966 Florida crop of Homestead 24 variety tomatoes accumulated from about 50–80 ppm in the fruit and removed about 70% of the tin from their cans. All fertilizer application variables except the lowest resulted in about the same level of nitrate accumulation. The nitrate in most of these variables was exhausted in about 6 mo and the rate of detinning leveled off soon after. The correlation between loss of nitrate and tin removal was significant at the 5% level. Detinning in these cans approached a “problem level’ in that about 70% of the tin was removed in 18 mo. In the 1965 tomato crop at Ohio State University there was no apparent connection between the levels of applied nitrogen and the nitrate accumulated in the fruit. In the 1966 Ohio tomatoes, the treatments with no applied nitrogen accumulated less nitrate in the fruit than the other treatments with varying levels of nitrate fertilization. The differences among the detinning histories of the various treatments followed in a general way the differences in nitrate accumulation. Detinning in individual cans varied between extremely wide limits. There were no differences apparent among the treatment variables in the 1965 crop. In the 1966 tomatoes the zero applied nitrogen treatment consistently showed less detinning than the others. In both the 1965 and 1966 crops the nitrate in the canned samples was exhausted after about 2 mo of storage. Essentially all of the detinning in these tomatoes occurred during the first 6 mo. Regression equations from pooled results of field studies and work on nitrate fortification of non‐aggressive tomatoes suggest that an initial nitrate concentration of the order of 100 ppm can constitute a rapid detinning problem in tomatoes in a 303 can having a tin coating weight of 1.00 Ib/bb.

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Claims 18

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 1965 Floradel tomatoes accumulated no nitrate.

Material
Floradele0
Outcome
no nitratee0
Direction
noe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The 1965 experimental crop of Floradel variety tomatoes accumulated no nitrate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 10–88 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 1965 Floradel tomatoes removed about 15% of can tin over two years.

Outcome
tin from their containerse0
Value
about 15%e0
Qualifier
2‐yr storage periode0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“removed only about 15% of the tin from their containers in a 2‐yr storage period”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 93–173 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 1966 Homestead 24 Florida tomatoes accumulated about 50–80 ppm nitrate in fruit.

Material
Homestead 24e0
Outcome
accumulated from about 50–80 ppm in the fruite0
Value
about 50–80 ppme0
Setting
Floridae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The 1966 Florida crop of Homestead 24 variety tomatoes accumulated from about 50–80 ppm in the fruit”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 175–275 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 1966 Homestead 24 Florida tomato cans lost about 70% of their tin.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Outcome
tin from their canse0
Value
about 70%e0

Verbatim

e0

“removed about 70% of the tin from their cans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 280–324 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

All but the lowest fertilizer applications produced about the same nitrate accumulation.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Treatment
fertilizer application variablese0
Outcome
nitrate accumulatione0
Direction
about the samee0
Comparator
the loweste0

Verbatim

e0

“All fertilizer application variables except the lowest resulted in about the same level of nitrate accumulation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 326–437 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrate was exhausted in most treatments after about six months.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Outcome
nitratee0
Direction
exhaustede0
Value
about 6 moe0

Verbatim

e0

“The nitrate in most of these variables was exhausted in about 6 mo”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 439–505 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Detinning rate leveled off soon after nitrate exhaustion.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Organ / stage
FRUITt0
Outcome
rate of detinninge0
Direction
leveled offe0
Qualifier
soon aftere0

Verbatim

e0

“the rate of detinning leveled off soon after”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–554 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES CAUSED BY ACCUMULATIONS OF NITRATE IN THE FRUIT”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–76 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrate loss correlated significantly with tin removal.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Compound
nitratee0
Outcome
tin removale0
Qualifier
5% levele0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“The correlation between loss of nitrate and tin removal was significant at the 5% level”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 556–643 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

About 70% of tin was removed in 18 months in affected cans.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Outcome
tin was removede0
Value
about 70%e0
Qualifier
18 moe0

Verbatim

e0

“about 70% of the tin was removed in 18 mo”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 706–747 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the 1965 Ohio State tomato crop, applied nitrogen level had no apparent relation to fruit nitrate.

Treatment
levels of applied nitrogene0
Outcome
nitrate accumulated in the fruite0
Direction
no apparent connectione0
Setting
Ohio State Universitye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In the 1965 tomato crop at Ohio State University there was no apparent connection between the levels of applied nitrogen and the nitrate accumulated in the fruit”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–910 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the 1966 Ohio tomatoes, zero applied nitrogen resulted in less fruit nitrate than nitrogen treatments.

Treatment
no applied nitrogene0
Outcome
nitrate in the fruite0
Direction
lesse0
Comparator
other treatments with varying levels of nitrate fertilizatione0
Setting
Ohioe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In the 1966 Ohio tomatoes, the treatments with no applied nitrogen accumulated less nitrate in the fruit than the other treatments with varying levels of nitrate fertilization”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 912–1087 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Detinning histories across treatments generally followed nitrate accumulation differences.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Compound
nitratee0
Outcome
detinning historiese0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“The differences among the detinning histories of the various treatments followed in a general way the differences in nitrate accumulation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1089–1226 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Detinning varied widely among individual cans.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Outcome
Detinning in individual canse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Detinning in individual cans varied between extremely wide limits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1228–1293 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 1965 crop showed no apparent differences among treatment variables.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Outcome
differences apparent among the treatment variablese0
Direction
no differencese0

Verbatim

e0

“There were no differences apparent among the treatment variables in the 1965 crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1295–1376 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zero nitrogen treatment produced less detinning in 1966 tomatoes than other treatments.

Treatment
zero applied nitrogen treatmente0
Outcome
detinninge0
Direction
lesse0
Comparator
the otherse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In the 1966 tomatoes the zero applied nitrogen treatment consistently showed less detinning than the others”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1378–1485 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrate in canned samples was exhausted after about two months in both crop years.

Taxon
TOMATOESt0
Outcome
nitrate in the canned samplese0
Direction
exhaustede0
Value
about 2 moe0

Verbatim

e0

“In both the 1965 and 1966 crops the nitrate in the canned samples was exhausted after about 2 mo of storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1487–1594 · show in text ↑
t0

“TOMATOES”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Essentially all detinning occurred in the first six months.

Outcome
detinninge0
Value
first 6 moe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Essentially all of the detinning in these tomatoes occurred during the first 6 mo”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1596–1677 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Regression suggested roughly 100 ppm initial nitrate could cause rapid detinning in specified cans.

Compound
nitratee0
Outcome
rapid detinning probleme0
Direction
rapide0
Value
100 ppme0
Qualifier
303 can having a tin coating weight of 1.00 Ib/bbe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“an initial nitrate concentration of the order of 100 ppm can constitute a rapid detinning problem in tomatoes in a 303 can having a tin coating weight of 1.00 Ib/bb”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1811–1975 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ

77 papers: 59 positive, 18 negative or no effect

58 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

73 papers more in this group

See all 77 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.