Abstract
Abstract All of the factors most frequently associated with the prevalence and severity of blackheart of celery and blossom‐end rot of tomatoes and peppers can be placed into two categories according to the mechanisms by which they affect calcium nutrition. Mechanism A. —Excessive soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or sodium or a deficiency of soluble calcium (low calcium ratio) cause a decreased calcium uptake and increased incidence of the physiological disorders. On an equivalent basis, ammonium decreases calcium uptake of tomatoes to the greatest degree; sodium the least. Mechanism B. —Excess total salts can cause a calcium deficiency and has frequently been associated with the prevalence of these disorders even when the measurable calcium ratio is considered high or adequate. A deficiency of boron was of minor importance in affecting the calcium nutrition, but high calcium ratios severely accentuated a boron deficiency. A favorable calcium ratio should be maintained to the best degree possible by ( 1 ) supplying larger amounts of soluble calcium salts, and ( 2 ) avoiding, as much as possible, excesses of soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or sodium salts as well as excess total soluble salts. Periodic calcium sprays are recommended as a source of calcium supplementary to that supplied by the soil as a means of maintaining an adequate supply of calcium to meet the plant requirement at all times.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Excess soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium or sodium, or a deficiency of soluble calcium, decreased calcium uptake.
- Taxon
- Celery, Tomato, and Peppert0
- Treatment
- Excessive soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or sodium or a deficiency of soluble calcium (low calcium ratio)e0
- Outcome
- calcium uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Celery, Tomato, and Pepper”
e0“Excessive soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or sodium or a deficiency of soluble calcium (low calcium ratio) cause a decreased calcium uptake and increased incidence of the physiological disorders”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium or sodium, or a deficiency of soluble calcium, increased the incidence of the physiological disorders.
- Taxon
- Celery, Tomato, and Peppert0
- Treatment
- Excessive soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or sodium or a deficiency of soluble calcium (low calcium ratio)e0
- Outcome
- incidence of the physiological disorderse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Celery, Tomato, and Pepper”
e0“Excessive soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or sodium or a deficiency of soluble calcium (low calcium ratio) cause a decreased calcium uptake and increased incidence of the physiological disorders”
Claim · model-written summary
On an equivalent basis, ammonium decreased calcium uptake of tomatoes to the greatest degree and sodium the least.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- ammoniume0
- Outcome
- calcium uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- to the greatest degree; sodium the leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an equivalent basis, ammonium decreases calcium uptake of tomatoes to the greatest degree; sodium the least”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess total salts can cause a calcium deficiency and have been associated with the disorders even when the calcium ratio is high or adequate.
- Taxon
- Celery, Tomato, and Peppert0
- Treatment
- Excess total saltse0
- Outcome
- calcium deficiencye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Qualifier
- even when the measurable calcium ratio is considered high or adequatee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Celery, Tomato, and Pepper”
e0“Excess total salts can cause a calcium deficiency and has frequently been associated with the prevalence of these disorders even when the measurable calcium ratio is considered high or adequate”
Claim · model-written summary
A deficiency of boron was of minor importance in affecting calcium nutrition.
- Taxon
- Celery, Tomato, and Peppert0
- Treatment
- A deficiency of borone0
- Outcome
- calcium nutritione0
- Qualifier
- minor importancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Celery, Tomato, and Pepper”
e0“A deficiency of boron was of minor importance in affecting the calcium nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium ratios severely accentuated a boron deficiency.
- Taxon
- Celery, Tomato, and Peppert0
- Treatment
- high calcium ratiose0
- Outcome
- boron deficiencye0
- Direction
- accentuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Celery, Tomato, and Pepper”
e0“high calcium ratios severely accentuated a boron deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
A favorable calcium ratio should be maintained, by supplying more soluble calcium salts and avoiding excess soluble ammonium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and total soluble salts.
Verbatim
t0“Celery, Tomato, and Pepper”
e0“A favorable calcium ratio should be maintained to the best degree possible”
Claim · model-written summary
Periodic calcium sprays are recommended to supplement soil calcium and maintain an adequate calcium supply.
Verbatim
t0“Celery, Tomato, and Pepper”
e0“Periodic calcium sprays are recommended as a source of calcium supplementary to that supplied by the soil”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 59 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
73 papers more in this group
See all 77 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.