Abstract
The critical period of weed control (CPWC) in crops depends on many factors including supply and availability of nutrients. In order to investigate the effect of starter fertilizer on the CPWC in soybean a field experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a factorial arrangement was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Two factors were examined: the first factor was the starter fertilizer levels (0 and 25 kg ha -1 ) applied in the form of monoammonium phosphate and the second factor was the different weed interference periods. Results indicated that soybean seed yield and yield components were significantly decreased when the weed interference period was increased. Weedy condition for the entire growing season reduced seed yield by 36% as compared with full season weed free condition. In order to prevent > 5% seed yield loss soybean field must be kept weed-free from the V1 to R1 (9-47 days after crop emergence (DAE) or 111.20 to 743.05 accumulated thermal units (ATU) and between the V7 and R3 (26-52 DAE or 374.55 to 832.75 ATU) at 0 and 25 kg.ha -1 of starter fertilizer level, respectively. Generally, the use of starter fertilizer slightly delayed the end of the CPWC (by 5 days), but this condition shortened the CPWC by 12 days because of the later beginning of the CPWC (by 17 days). Practical implication of this finding is that application of monoammonium phosphate as starter fertilizer can reduce the time needed for weed control in soybean field and consequently lead to less herbicide application and cultivation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed yield and yield components decreased significantly as the weed interference period increased.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- weed interference period was increasede0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- seed yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean seed yield and yield components were significantly decreased when the weed interference period was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy condition for the entire growing season reduced soybean seed yield by 36% compared with the full-season weed-free condition.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Weedy condition for the entire growing seasone0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- full season weed free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Weedy condition for the entire growing season reduced seed yield by 36% as compared with full season weed free condition”
Claim · model-written summary
To prevent more than 5% seed yield loss, soybean should be kept weed-free from V1 to R1 (9-47 DAE) at the 0 kg/ha starter fertilizer level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- kept weed-freee0
- Value
- V1 to R1e0
- Qualifier
- 9-47 days after crop emergence (DAE) or 111.20 to 743.05 accumulated thermal units (ATU)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean field must be kept weed-free from the V1 to R1 (9-47 days after crop emergence (DAE) or 111.20 to 743.05 accumulated thermal units (ATU) and between the V7 and R3 (26-52 DAE or 374.55 to 832.75 ATU) at 0 and 25 kg.ha -1 of starter fertilizer level, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
To prevent more than 5% seed yield loss, soybean should be kept weed-free from V7 to R3 (26-52 DAE) at the 25 kg/ha starter fertilizer level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- kept weed-freee0
- Value
- V7 and R3e0
- Qualifier
- 26-52 DAE or 374.55 to 832.75 ATUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean field must be kept weed-free from the V1 to R1 (9-47 days after crop emergence (DAE) or 111.20 to 743.05 accumulated thermal units (ATU) and between the V7 and R3 (26-52 DAE or 374.55 to 832.75 ATU) at 0 and 25 kg.ha -1 of starter fertilizer level, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilizer delayed the end of the critical period of weed control in soybean slightly, by 5 days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- end of the CPWCe0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 5 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Generally, the use of starter fertilizer slightly delayed the end of the CPWC (by 5 days), but this condition shortened the CPWC by 12 days because of the later beginning of the CPWC (by 17 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilizer shortened the critical period of weed control in soybean by 12 days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- CPWCe0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 12 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Generally, the use of starter fertilizer slightly delayed the end of the CPWC (by 5 days), but this condition shortened the CPWC by 12 days because of the later beginning of the CPWC (by 17 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilizer made the critical period of weed control in soybean begin later, by 17 days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- beginning of the CPWCe0
- Direction
- latere0
- Value
- 17 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Generally, the use of starter fertilizer slightly delayed the end of the CPWC (by 5 days), but this condition shortened the CPWC by 12 days because of the later beginning of the CPWC (by 17 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that monoammonium phosphate as starter fertilizer can reduce the time needed for weed control in soybean and thus herbicide application and cultivation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- monoammonium phosphate as starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- reduce the time needed for weed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of monoammonium phosphate as starter fertilizer can reduce the time needed for weed control in soybean field and consequently lead to less herbicide application and cultivation”
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