Abstract
Abstract Previous studies of maize suspension‐cultured cells showed that abscisic acid (ABA) treatment at warm temperatures improved the tolerance of cells to subsequent chilling. In the present study, it is shown that both ABA‐treated and untreated maize cells accumulated proline in response to chilling. However, ABA‐treated cells displayed less lipid peroxidation during chilling, and thus, unlike untreated cells, were able to retain the accumulated proline intracellularly. Proline application experiments indicate that an intracellular proline level higher than 2 µ mole (g FW) −1 prior to chilling was needed to meaningfully reduce chilling‐enhanced lipid peroxidation and significantly improve chilling tolerance. The results suggest that total proline accumulation in ABA‐treated as well as untreated cells during chilling was enough to potentially improve chilling tolerance, but proline leakage rendered the control cells unable to benefit from the endogenous synthesis of proline in relation to the alleviation of chilling injury. Proline participated in chilling tolerance improvement in ABA‐treated maize cells, as evidenced by: (1) the inhibition of proline accumulation by l ‐methionine‐ d , l ‐sulphoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, reduced ABA‐improved chilling tolerance, and (2) the addition of glutamine into the medium prevented the MSO‐induced reduction in chilling tolerance. The revised relationship between proline accumulation and membrane stability at cold is discussed in the light of these current findings.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling caused proline accumulation in both ABA-treated and untreated maize cells.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both ABA‐treated and untreated maize cells accumulated proline in response to chilling”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated maize cells displayed less lipid peroxidation during chilling than untreated cells.
- Treatment
- ABA‐treatede0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- during chillinge0
- Comparator
- untreated cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA‐treated cells displayed less lipid peroxidation during chilling, and thus, unlike untreated cells, were able to retain the accumulated proline intracellularly”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated maize cells retained accumulated proline intracellularly during chilling, unlike untreated cells.
- Treatment
- ABA‐treatede0
- Outcome
- retain the accumulated proline intracellularlye0
- Comparator
- untreated cellse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA‐treated cells displayed less lipid peroxidation during chilling, and thus, unlike untreated cells, were able to retain the accumulated proline intracellularly”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Intracellular proline above 2 µ mole (g FW) −1 before chilling was needed to reduce chilling-enhanced lipid peroxidation.
- Treatment
- intracellular proline level higher than 2 µ mole (g FW) −1 prior to chillinge0
- Outcome
- chilling‐enhanced lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 2 µ mole (g FW) −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an intracellular proline level higher than 2 µ mole (g FW) −1 prior to chilling was needed to meaningfully reduce chilling‐enhanced lipid peroxidation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Intracellular proline above 2 µ mole (g FW) −1 before chilling significantly improved chilling tolerance.
- Treatment
- intracellular proline level higher than 2 µ mole (g FW) −1 prior to chillinge0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 2 µ mole (g FW) −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an intracellular proline level higher than 2 µ mole (g FW) −1 prior to chilling was needed to meaningfully reduce chilling‐enhanced lipid peroxidation and significantly improve chilling tolerance”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of proline accumulation by MSO reduced ABA-improved chilling tolerance.
- Treatment
- l ‐methionine‐ d , l ‐sulphoximine (MSO)e0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- ABA‐improved chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition of proline accumulation by l ‐methionine‐ d , l ‐sulphoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, reduced ABA‐improved chilling tolerance”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding glutamine prevented the MSO-induced reduction in chilling tolerance.
- Treatment
- addition of glutamine into the mediume0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Comparator
- MSOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of glutamine into the medium prevented the MSO‐induced reduction in chilling tolerance”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →proline · tolerance: abiotic · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
proline · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →(+)-abscisic acid · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →cold · tolerance: abiotic · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
cold · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.