Abstract
Plants exhibit daily rhythms in their growth, providing an ideal system for the study of interactions between environmental stimuli such as light and internal regulators such as the circadian clock. We previously found that two basic loop-helix-loop transcription factors, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5, integrate light and circadian clock signaling to generate rhythmic plant growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we use expression profiling and real-time growth assays to identify growth regulatory networks downstream of PIF4 and PIF5. Genome-wide analysis of light-, clock-, or growth-correlated genes showed significant overlap between the transcriptomes of clock-, light-, and growth-related pathways. Overrepresentation analysis of growth-correlated genes predicted that the auxin and gibberellic acid (GA) hormone pathways both contribute to diurnal growth control. Indeed, lesions of GA biosynthesis genes retarded rhythmic growth. Surprisingly, GA-responsive genes are not enriched among genes regulated by PIF4 and PIF5, whereas auxin pathway and response genes are. Consistent with this finding, the auxin response is more severely affected than the GA response in pif4 pif5 double mutants and in PIF5-overexpressing lines. We conclude that at least two downstream modules participate in diurnal rhythmic hypocotyl growth: PIF4 and/or PIF5 modulation of auxin-related pathways and PIF-independent regulation of the GA pathway.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Clock-, light- and growth-related transcriptomes overlapped significantly.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Outcome
- overlap between the transcriptomes of clock-, light-, and growth-related pathwayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant overlap between the transcriptomes of clock-, light-, and growth-related pathways”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Overrepresentation analysis predicted that auxin pathways contribute to diurnal growth control.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- auxine0
- Outcome
- diurnal growth controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overrepresentation analysis of growth-correlated genes predicted that the auxin and gibberellic acid (GA) hormone pathways both contribute to diurnal growth control”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Overrepresentation analysis predicted that gibberellic acid pathways contribute to diurnal growth control.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- diurnal growth controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overrepresentation analysis of growth-correlated genes predicted that the auxin and gibberellic acid (GA) hormone pathways both contribute to diurnal growth control”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesions of GA biosynthesis genes retarded rhythmic growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- lesions of GA biosynthesis genese0
- Gene
- GA biosynthesis genese0
- Outcome
- rhythmic growthe0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lesions of GA biosynthesis genes retarded rhythmic growth”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA-responsive genes were not enriched among PIF4- and PIF5-regulated genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PIF4 and PIF5e0
- Outcome
- GA-responsive genese0
- Direction
- not enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA-responsive genes are not enriched among genes regulated by PIF4 and PIF5”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin pathway and response genes were enriched among PIF4- and PIF5-regulated genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PIF4 and PIF5e0
- Outcome
- auxin pathway and response genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA-responsive genes are not enriched among genes regulated by PIF4 and PIF5, whereas auxin pathway and response genes are”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin response was more severely affected than GA response in pif4 pif5 double mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- pif4 pif5 double mutantse0
- Outcome
- auxin responsee0
- Direction
- more severely affectede0
- Comparator
- GA responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the auxin response is more severely affected than the GA response in pif4 pif5 double mutants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin response was more severely affected than GA response in PIF5-overexpressing lines.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- PIF5-overexpressing linese0
- Outcome
- auxin responsee0
- Direction
- more severely affectede0
- Comparator
- GA responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the auxin response is more severely affected than the GA response in pif4 pif5 double mutants and in PIF5-overexpressing lines”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded that PIF4 or PIF5 modulation of auxin pathways participates in rhythmic hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PIF4 and/or PIF5e0
- Outcome
- auxin-related pathwayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PIF4 and/or PIF5 modulation of auxin-related pathways”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded that a PIF-independent GA pathway participates in rhythmic hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- GA pathwaye0
- Qualifier
- PIF-independent regulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PIF-independent regulation of the GA pathway”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · ArabidopsisResults differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
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