Abstract
Multiple viral infections have been reported on cultivated commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) in Nigeria. In this study, the effect of inoculating two commercial cultivars (cvs) (“Oloyin” and “Olo II’) and two lines from IITA (Ife Brown and TVu-76) with buffer, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (CABMV), Cowpea mottle (CMeV) and Southern bean mosaic (SBMV) viruses individually as well as in mixtures (CABMV+ CMeV, CABMV+ SBMV, CMeV+SBMV, and CABMV+ CMeV+SBMV) at 10 and 28 days after planting (DAP) on the growth, yield and nutritive content of seeds from infected plants were evaluated. The age of the plants at time of infection and the different viral treatments significantly affected the different parameters assessed. The average height of plants inoculated 10 DAP were significantly shorter than those of plants inoculated 28 DAP. Inoculating with single, double and triple viruses (10 DAP) resulted in 19-34%, 31-46% and 42-53% reductions in plant height, respectively. Viral infections also resulted in significant reductions in the number of pods and seeds produced. Plants inoculated with the three viruses 10 DAP produced the least number of pods and seed. Viral treatments resulted in the production of seeds with a lower protein content of 24.8-28.9% compared with the 28.5-30.4% protein in seeds from the control plants. Plants inoculated 10 DAP with the triple viruses produced the seeds with the least protein content (24.8-27.1%). The carbohydrate, fat and moisture contents of seeds from virus infected plants were however slightly higher than those of the control plants while the ash contents were lower. Generally, the commercial cowpea cvs were more severely affected by the viral treatments. These results indicate that infection at an early age and by multiple viruses can have devastating effects on the growth, yield and the nutritional quality of cowpea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation at 10 DAP caused shorter plants than inoculation at 28 DAP.
- Taxon
- cowpeas
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- inoculated 10 DAPe0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Comparator
- inoculated 28 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average height of plants inoculated 10 DAP were significantly shorter than those of plants inoculated 28 DAP”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Single virus inoculation at 10 DAP reduced plant height 19-34%.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- singlee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 19-34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculating with single, double and triple viruses (10 DAP) resulted in 19-34%, 31-46% and 42-53% reductions in plant height, respectively”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Double virus inoculation at 10 DAP reduced plant height 31-46%.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- doublee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 31-46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculating with single, double and triple viruses (10 DAP) resulted in 19-34%, 31-46% and 42-53% reductions in plant height, respectively”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple virus inoculation at 10 DAP reduced plant height 42-53%.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- triplee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 42-53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculating with single, double and triple viruses (10 DAP) resulted in 19-34%, 31-46% and 42-53% reductions in plant height, respectively”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Viral infection reduced pod and seed numbers.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Viral infectionse0
- Outcome
- number of pods and seeds producede0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Viral infections also resulted in significant reductions in the number of pods and seeds produced”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple virus inoculation at 10 DAP produced the fewest pods and seeds.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- three viruses 10 DAPe0
- Outcome
- number of pods and seede0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with the three viruses 10 DAP produced the least number of pods and seed”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus treated plants had lower seed protein, 24.8-28.9%, than control plants at 28.5-30.4%.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Viral treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 24.8-28.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 28.5-30.4%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Viral treatments resulted in the production of seeds with a lower protein content of 24.8-28.9% compared with the 28.5-30.4% protein in seeds from the control plants”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple virus inoculation at 10 DAP gave the least seed protein, 24.8-27.1%.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- triple virusese0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 24.8-27.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated 10 DAP with the triple viruses produced the seeds with the least protein content (24.8-27.1%)”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infected seeds had slightly higher carbohydrate, fat, and moisture content.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- virus infectede0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate, fat and moisture contentse0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbohydrate, fat and moisture contents of seeds from virus infected plants were however slightly higher than those of the control plants”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infected seeds had lower ash content.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- ash contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the ash contents were lower”
t0“commercial cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial cowpea cultivars were more severely affected by viral treatments.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Material
- commercial cowpea cvse0
- Treatment
- viral treatmentse0
- Outcome
- severely affectede0
- Direction
- more severelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“commercial cowpea cvs were more severely affected by the viral treatments”
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