Abstract
Root flooding is damaging to the growth of crop plants such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Field flooding for 3 d often results in leaf chlorosis, defoliation, cessation of growth and plant death. These effects have been widely attributed solely to a lack of oxygen in the root-zone. However, an additional damaging factor may be CO(2), which attains levels of 30 % (v/v) of total dissolved gases. Accordingly, the effects of root-zone CO(2) on oxygen-deficient soybean plants were investigated in hydroponic culture. Soybean plants are shown to be very tolerant of excess water and anaerobiosis. No oxygen (100 % N(2) gas) and low oxygen (non-aerated) treatments for 14 d had no effect on soybean survival or leaf greenness, but plants became severely chlorotic and stunted when the roots were exposed to no oxygen together with CO(2) concentrations similar to those in flooded fields (equilibrium concentrations of 30 %). When root-zone CO(2) was increased to 50 %, a quarter of soybean plants died. Those plants that survived showed severe symptoms of chlorosis, necrosis and root death. In contrast, rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were not affected by the combination of no oxygen and elevated root-zone CO(2.) A concentration of 50 % CO(2) did not affect rice plant survival or leaf colour. These results suggest that the high susceptibility of soybean to soil flooding, compared with that of rice, is an outcome of its greater sensitivity to CO(2).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
No or low oxygen for 14 d did not change soybean survival or leaf greenness.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- No oxygen (100 % N(2) gas) and low oxygen (non-aerated) treatments for 14 de0
- Outcome
- soybean survival or leaf greennesse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No oxygen (100 % N(2) gas) and low oxygen (non-aerated) treatments for 14 d had no effect on soybean survival or leaf greenness”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean plants became chlorotic and stunted under no oxygen and 30% CO(2).
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- no oxygen together with CO(2) concentrations similar to those in flooded fields (equilibrium concentrations of 30 %)e0
- Outcome
- chlorotic and stuntede0
- Direction
- severelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants became severely chlorotic and stunted when the roots were exposed to no oxygen together with CO(2) concentrations similar to those in flooded fields (equilibrium concentrations of 30 %)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% root-zone CO(2), one quarter of soybean plants died.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- root-zone CO(2) was increased to 50 %e0
- Outcome
- plants diede0
- Direction
- diede0
- Value
- a quartere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When root-zone CO(2) was increased to 50 %, a quarter of soybean plants died.”
Claim · model-written summary
Surviving soybean plants showed chlorosis, necrosis and root death.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- chlorosis, necrosis and root deathe0
- Qualifier
- survivede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Those plants that survived showed severe symptoms of chlorosis, necrosis and root death.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice was unaffected by no oxygen combined with elevated root-zone CO(2).
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- combination of no oxygen and elevated root-zone CO(2.)e0
- Outcome
- plantse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were not affected by the combination of no oxygen and elevated root-zone CO(2.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% CO(2), rice survival and leaf colour were unaffected.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 50 % CO(2)e0
- Outcome
- plant survival or leaf coloure0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A concentration of 50 % CO(2) did not affect rice plant survival or leaf colour.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the greater flooding susceptibility of soybean than rice to CO(2) sensitivity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- high susceptibility of soybean to soil floodinge0
- Qualifier
- greater sensitivity to CO(2)e0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high susceptibility of soybean to soil flooding, compared with that of rice, is an outcome of its greater sensitivity to CO(2)”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · quality: postharvest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.