Abstract
____________________________________________________________ Biological control studies were conducted with isolates of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae from Ethiopia and South Africa against the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus. The study was conducted from April 2002 to April 2003, at the department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. The objectives were to screen these isolates for pathogenicity and to determine the susceptibility of different larval instars; to study the effect of temperature on fungal development and virulence; to investigate food consumption of fungus treated larvae; to determine compatibility of fungal isolates with insecticides; to study the effect of exposure methods and diets on larval mortality; and to evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants. Four isolates of B. bassiana and six isolates of M. anisopliae were tested against second instar larvae. Of these isolates, B. bassiana (BB-01) and M. anisopliae (PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61 and EE-01) were found to be highly pathogenic inducing 90 to 100 % mortality seven days after treatment. In subsequent assays, the fungal isolates were tested against third, fourth, fifth and sixth instar larvae. Second and sixth instar larvae were more susceptible to these isolates than third, fourth and fifth instar larvae. Conidial germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61, EE-01 and BB-01 were retarded at 15 and 35 C. A suitable temperature range for the isolates was from 20 30 C. At 25 and 30 C the isolates induced 100 % mortality to second instar larvae within four to six days. Second and third instar C. partellus larvae were treated with the isolates PPRC-4 and BB-01, and daily consumption of maize leaf was measured. Treatment with the fungi was associated with a reduction in mean daily food consumption. In in-vitro studies, five concentrations (0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm active ingredients) of the insecticides benfuracarb and endosulfan were tested with the isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-16, EE-01 and BB-01. Increasing the concentration of the insecticides adversely affected germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates. In in-vivo studies combining the fungi, PPRC-4 and BB-01,
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria bassiana isolate BB-01 and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61 and EE-01 induced 90 to 100% mortality of second instar Chilo partellus larvae seven days after treatment.
- Treatment
- B. bassiana (BB-01) and M. anisopliae (PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61 and EE-01)e1
- Interactor
- Chilo partellus
_Figure_27c.jpg?width=60)
Chilo partellust0pest - Second interactor
- B. bassiana
Beauveria bassianae1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- inducinge1
- Value
- 90 to 100 %e1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_27c.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants”
t0“Chilo partellus”
e1“Of these isolates, B. bassiana (BB-01) and M. anisopliae (PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61 and EE-01) were found to be highly pathogenic inducing 90 to 100 % mortality seven days after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Second and sixth instar Chilo partellus larvae were more susceptible to these isolates than third, fourth and fifth instar larvae.
- Organ / stage
- Second and sixth instar larvaee2
- Treatment
- these isolatese2
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partellust0pest
- Outcome
- susceptiblee2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- third, fourth and fifth instar larvaee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants”
t0“Chilo partellus”
e2“Second and sixth instar larvae were more susceptible to these isolates than third, fourth and fifth instar larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidial germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates were retarded at 15 and 35 C, with a suitable range of 20 to 30 C.
- Treatment
- 15 and 35 Ce3
- Interactor
- PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61, EE-01 and BB-01e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Conidial germination, radial growth and sporulatione3
- Direction
- retardede3
- Comparator
- 20 30 Ce4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants”
e3“Conidial germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61, EE-01 and BB-01 were retarded at 15 and 35 C”
e4“A suitable temperature range for the isolates was from 20 30 C”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 and 30 C the isolates induced 100% mortality of second instar Chilo partellus larvae within four to six days.
- Organ / stage
- second instar larvaee5
- Treatment
- 25 and 30 Ce5
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partellust0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye5
- Direction
- inducede5
- Value
- 100 %e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants”
t0“Chilo partellus”
e5“At 25 and 30 C the isolates induced 100 % mortality to second instar larvae within four to six days”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with the fungi was associated with a reduction in mean daily food consumption of Chilo partellus larvae.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants”
e6“Treatment with the fungi was associated with a reduction in mean daily food consumption”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing insecticide concentration decreased germination, radial growth and sporulation of the fungal isolates.
- Treatment
- Increasing the concentration of the insecticidese7
- Outcome
- germination, radial growth and sporulatione7
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants”
e7“Increasing the concentration of the insecticides adversely affected germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates”
The same questions in other papers
Metarhizium anisopliae · Chilo partellus · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Beauveria bassiana · Chilo partellus · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.