Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous, polycationic biogenic amines that are implicated in many biological processes, including plant growth and development, but their precise roles remain to be determined. Most of the previous studies have involved three biogenic amines: putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), and their derivatives. We have expressed a yeast spermidine synthase (ySpdSyn) gene under constitutive (CaMV35S) and fruit-ripening specific (E8) promoters in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and determined alterations in tomato vegetative and fruit physiology in transformed lines compared with the control. Constitutive expression of ySpdSyn enhanced intracellular levels of Spd in the leaf, and transiently during fruit development, whereas E8-ySpdSyn expression led to Spd accumulation early and transiently during fruit ripening. The ySpdSyn transgenic fruits had a longer shelf life, reduced shriveling and delayed decay symptom development in comparison with the wild-type (WT) fruits. An increase in shelf life of ySpdSyn transgenic fruits was not facilitated by changes in the rate of water loss or ethylene evolution. Additionally, the expression of several cell wall and membrane degradation-related genes in ySpdSyn transgenic fruits was not correlated with an extension of shelf life, indicating that the Spd-mediated increase in fruit shelf life is independent of the above factors. Crop maturity, indicated by the percentage of ripening fruits on the vine, was delayed in a CaMV35S-ySpdSyn genotype, with fruits accumulating higher levels of the antioxidant lycopene. Notably, whole-plant senescence in the transgenic plants was also delayed compared with WT plants. Together, these results provide evidence for a role of PAs, particularly Spd, in increasing fruit shelf life, probably by reducing post-harvest senescence and decay.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive ySpdSyn expression enhanced leaf Spd levels.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of ySpdSyne0
- Outcome
- intracellular levels of Spde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of ySpdSyn enhanced intracellular levels of Spd in the leaf, and transiently during fruit development”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive ySpdSyn expression enhanced Spd levels transiently during fruit development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruit developmente0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of ySpdSyne0
- Outcome
- intracellular levels of Spde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- transientlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of ySpdSyn enhanced intracellular levels of Spd in the leaf, and transiently during fruit development”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
E8-ySpdSyn expression led to early transient Spd accumulation during ripening.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruit ripeninge0
- Treatment
- E8-ySpdSyn expressione0
- Outcome
- Spd accumulatione0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- early and transientlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E8-ySpdSyn expression led to Spd accumulation early and transiently during fruit ripening”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic fruits had longer shelf life than wild-type fruits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ySpdSyne0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT) fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ySpdSyn transgenic fruits had a longer shelf life, reduced shriveling and delayed decay symptom development in comparison with the wild-type (WT) fruits.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic fruits had reduced shriveling relative to wild-type fruits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ySpdSyne0
- Outcome
- shrivelinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT) fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ySpdSyn transgenic fruits had a longer shelf life, reduced shriveling and delayed decay symptom development in comparison with the wild-type (WT) fruits.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic fruits had delayed decay symptoms relative to wild-type fruits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ySpdSyne0
- Outcome
- decay symptom developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT) fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ySpdSyn transgenic fruits had a longer shelf life, reduced shriveling and delayed decay symptom development in comparison with the wild-type (WT) fruits.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The shelf-life increase was not facilitated by changes in water loss or ethylene evolution.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- not facilitated by changes in the rate of water loss or ethylene evolutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in shelf life of ySpdSyn transgenic fruits was not facilitated by changes in the rate of water loss or ethylene evolution.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of cell wall and membrane degradation genes did not correlate with shelf-life extension.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- cell wall and membrane degradation-related genese0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of several cell wall and membrane degradation-related genes in ySpdSyn transgenic fruits was not correlated with an extension of shelf life”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop maturity was delayed in a CaMV35S-ySpdSyn genotype.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CaMV35S-ySpdSyne0
- Outcome
- Crop maturitye0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop maturity, indicated by the percentage of ripening fruits on the vine, was delayed in a CaMV35S-ySpdSyn genotype”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CaMV35S-ySpdSyn fruits accumulated higher lycopene levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CaMV35S-ySpdSyne0
- Outcome
- levels of the antioxidant lycopenee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a CaMV35S-ySpdSyn genotype, with fruits accumulating higher levels of the antioxidant lycopene”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant senescence was delayed in transgenic plants relative to WT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- transgenice0
- Outcome
- whole-plant senescencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- WT plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whole-plant senescence in the transgenic plants was also delayed compared with WT plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine probably increases fruit shelf life by reducing postharvest senescence and decay.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- Spde0
- Outcome
- fruit shelf lifee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- probably by reducing post-harvest senescence and decaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Together, these results provide evidence for a role of PAs, particularly Spd, in increasing fruit shelf life, probably by reducing post-harvest senescence and decay.”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
spermidine · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →overexpression · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.