Abstract
Abstract Little information is available that evaluates long‐term use of a range of tillage systems and different cropping sequences on poorly drained soils. This study relates corn ( Zea mays L.) growth and yield to several reduced tillage systems used with continuous cropping and a corn‐soybean ( Glycine max L.) rotation. Experiments were conducted on Chalmers silty clay loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) with 40 g kg −1 organic matter for 12 yr, and Clermont silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Ochraqualf) with 10 g kg −1 organic matter for 7 yr. Both soils are nearly level and poorly drained. Tillage systems compared included moldboard plowing, chisel plowing, ridge planting, and no‐till planting. Shallow disking (10 cm) was also included at the Clermont site. On the high organic matter Chalmers soil, continuous no‐till corn was 25 cm shorter at 8 wk, 2% wetter at harvest, and 9.2% lower in yield compared to plowing. Data for chisel and ridge systems were intermediate between plowing and no‐till. No‐till yields were consistently lower than those for plowing after the first 4 yr. When following soybean, no‐till corn was 7 cm shorter at 8 wk, 1% wetter at harvest, and 2.6% lower in yield than corn under moldboard plowing. Corn growth and yield from chisel and ridge treatments were equal to those with plowing when in rotation. On the low organic matter soil in continuous notill corn, plant growth and yields were reduced for the first 3 yr, but were equal or better, compared to plowed corn, for the final 4 yr. In rotation, no‐till corn was equal to plowed corn the first 3 yr and significantly better in 3 of the last 4 yr. Yields with intermediate tillage were similar to plowed yields for continuous and rotational cropping. The relative advantage for no‐till planting with time on the low organic matter soil is attributed to improved soil physical properties.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
On Chalmers soil, continuous no-till corn was 25 cm shorter than plowed corn at eight weeks.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- continuous no‐tille0
- Outcome
- corne0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Value
- 25 cme0
- Qualifier
- 8 wke0
- Comparator
- plowinge0
- Setting
- Chalmers soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the high organic matter Chalmers soil, continuous no‐till corn was 25 cm shorter at 8 wk, 2% wetter at harvest, and 9.2% lower in yield compared to plowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous no-till corn on Chalmers soil was 2% wetter at harvest than plowed corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- continuous no‐tille0
- Outcome
- wetter at harveste0
- Direction
- wettere0
- Value
- 2%e0
- Comparator
- plowinge0
- Setting
- Chalmers soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the high organic matter Chalmers soil, continuous no‐till corn was 25 cm shorter at 8 wk, 2% wetter at harvest, and 9.2% lower in yield compared to plowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous no-till yield on Chalmers soil was 9.2% lower than with plowing.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- continuous no‐tille0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 9.2%e0
- Comparator
- plowinge0
- Setting
- Chalmers soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the high organic matter Chalmers soil, continuous no‐till corn was 25 cm shorter at 8 wk, 2% wetter at harvest, and 9.2% lower in yield compared to plowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel and ridge results were intermediate between plowing and no-till on Chalmers soil.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- intermediate between plowing and no‐tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Data for chisel and ridge systems were intermediate between plowing and no‐till.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till yields remained below plowing after the first four years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- No‐tille0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- after the first 4 yre0
- Comparator
- plowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No‐till yields were consistently lower than those for plowing after the first 4 yr.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
After soybean, no-till corn was 7 cm shorter than plowed corn at eight weeks.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- no‐tille0
- Outcome
- corne0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Value
- 7 cme0
- Qualifier
- When following soybeane0
- Comparator
- moldboard plowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When following soybean, no‐till corn was 7 cm shorter at 8 wk, 1% wetter at harvest, and 2.6% lower in yield than corn under moldboard plowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
After soybean, no-till corn was 1% wetter than plowed corn at harvest.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- no‐tille0
- Outcome
- wetter at harveste0
- Direction
- wettere0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Qualifier
- When following soybeane0
- Comparator
- moldboard plowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When following soybean, no‐till corn was 7 cm shorter at 8 wk, 1% wetter at harvest, and 2.6% lower in yield than corn under moldboard plowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
After soybean, no-till corn yielded 2.6% less than plowed corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- no‐tille0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.6%e0
- Qualifier
- When following soybeane0
- Comparator
- moldboard plowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When following soybean, no‐till corn was 7 cm shorter at 8 wk, 1% wetter at harvest, and 2.6% lower in yield than corn under moldboard plowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
In rotation, chisel and ridge corn growth and yield matched plowing.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- chisel and ridge treatmentse0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- equale0
- Qualifier
- when in rotatione0
- Comparator
- plowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn growth and yield from chisel and ridge treatments were equal to those with plowing when in rotation.”
Claim · model-written summary
On low organic matter soil, continuous no-till reduced corn growth and yield for the first three years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- continuous notille0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- for the first 3 yre0
- Comparator
- plowed corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the low organic matter soil in continuous notill corn, plant growth and yields were reduced for the first 3 yr, but were equal or better, compared to plowed corn, for the final 4 yr.”
Claim · model-written summary
On low organic matter soil, continuous no-till growth and yield matched or exceeded plowing in the final four years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- continuous notille0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yieldse0
- Direction
- equal or bettere0
- Qualifier
- for the final 4 yre0
- Comparator
- plowed corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the low organic matter soil in continuous notill corn, plant growth and yields were reduced for the first 3 yr, but were equal or better, compared to plowed corn, for the final 4 yr.”
Claim · model-written summary
In rotation on low organic matter soil, no-till corn matched plowed corn initially and was significantly better in three of the final four years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- no‐tille0
- Outcome
- corne0
- Direction
- significantly bettere0
- Qualifier
- in 3 of the last 4 yre0
- Comparator
- plowed corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rotation, no‐till corn was equal to plowed corn the first 3 yr and significantly better in 3 of the last 4 yr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermediate tillage yielded similarly to plowing in continuous and rotational cropping.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- intermediate tillagee0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- continuous and rotational croppinge0
- Comparator
- plowede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields with intermediate tillage were similar to plowed yields for continuous and rotational cropping.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved soil physical properties were proposed to explain the growing no-till advantage on low organic matter soil.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- relative advantage for no‐till plantinge0
- Qualifier
- improved soil physical propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative advantage for no‐till planting with time on the low organic matter soil is attributed to improved soil physical properties.”
t0“Corn”
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