Abstract
Gibberella zeae incites Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. Of over 700 microbial strains obtained from wheat anthers, 54 were able to utilize tartaric acid as a carbon source when the compound was supplied as choline bitartrate in liquid culture. Four tartaric acid-utilizing and three nonutilizing strains reduced FHB in initial tests and were selected for further assays. Antagonists were effective against three different isolates of G. zeae when single wheat florets were inoculated with pathogen and antagonist inoculum. All seven antagonists increased 100-kernel weight when applied simultaneously with G. zeae isolate Z3639 (P ≤ 0.05). Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by >77, 93, and 56%, respectively. Five antagonists increased 100-kernel weight of plants inoculated with G. zeae isolate DAOM 180378. All antagonists except one increased 100-kernel weight, and four of seven antagonists reduced disease severity (P ≤ 0.05) when tested against G. zeae isolate Fg-9-96. In spray-inoculation experiments, Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4 and OH 182.9 reduced disease severity, regardless of the sequence, timing, and concentration of inoculum application (P ≤ 0.05), though 100-kernel weight did not always increase when antagonists were applied 4 h after inoculum of G. zeae. Overall, 4 of 54 isolates that utilized tartaric acid in vitro were effective against G. zeae versus only 3 of 170 isolates tested that did not utilize tartaric acid (P ≤ 0.05, χ-square test of goodness of fit), demonstrating the potential benefit of prescreening candidate antagonists of FHB for their ability to utilize tartaric acid. Biological control shows promise as part of an integrated pest management program for managing FHB.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Four tartaric acid-utilizing and three nonutilizing strains reduced wheat FHB in initial tests.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- strainse0
- Outcome
- FHBe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four tartaric acid-utilizing and three nonutilizing strains reduced FHB in initial tests”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonists were effective against three G. zeae isolates in inoculated wheat florets.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- G. zeae
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- effective against three different isolates of G. zeaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Antagonists were effective against three different isolates of G. zeae when single wheat florets were inoculated with pathogen and antagonist inoculum”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven antagonists increased 100-kernel weight with G. zeae Z3639.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seven antagonistse0
- Interactor
- G. zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- 100-kernel weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All seven antagonists increased 100-kernel weight when applied simultaneously with G. zeae isolate Z3639 (P ≤ 0.05)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus AS 43.3 reduced FHB severity by over 77%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus strains AS 43.3e0
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus strains AS 43.3e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >77e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by >77, 93, and 56%, respectively”
t0“Wheat”
t1“Gibberella zeae”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus AS 43.4 reduced FHB severity by 93%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- AS 43.4e0
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- AS 43.4e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 93e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by >77, 93, and 56%, respectively”
t0“Wheat”
t1“Gibberella zeae”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryptococcus OH 182.9 reduced FHB severity by 56%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9e0
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by >77, 93, and 56%, respectively”
t0“Wheat”
t1“Gibberella zeae”
Claim · model-written summary
Five antagonists increased kernel weight under DAOM 180378 inoculation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Five antagonistse0
- Interactor
- G. zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- 100-kernel weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five antagonists increased 100-kernel weight of plants inoculated with G. zeae isolate DAOM 180378”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
All but one antagonist increased kernel weight against Fg-9-96.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All antagonists except onee0
- Interactor
- G. zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- 100-kernel weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All antagonists except one increased 100-kernel weight, and four of seven antagonists reduced disease severity (P ≤ 0.05) when tested against G. zeae isolate Fg-9-96”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Four of seven antagonists reduced FHB severity against Fg-9-96.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- four of seven antagonistse0
- Interactor
- G. zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four of seven antagonists reduced disease severity (P ≤ 0.05) when tested against G. zeae isolate Fg-9-96”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus AS 43.3 reduced severity in spray inoculation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus strains AS 43.3e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4 and OH 182.9 reduced disease severity, regardless of the sequence, timing, and concentration of inoculum application (P ≤ 0.05)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus AS 43.4 reduced severity in spray inoculation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- AS 43.4e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4 and OH 182.9 reduced disease severity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryptococcus OH 71.4 reduced severity in spray inoculation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4 and OH 182.9 reduced disease severity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryptococcus OH 182.9 reduced severity in spray inoculation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- OH 182.9e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4 and OH 182.9 reduced disease severity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel weight did not always increase when antagonists followed G. zeae inoculation by four hours.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 100-kernel weighte0
- Direction
- did not always increasee0
- Qualifier
- 4 h after inoculum of G. zeaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100-kernel weight did not always increase when antagonists were applied 4 h after inoculum of G. zeae”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tartaric acid-utilizing isolates were more often effective than nonutilizers.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- tartaric acide0
- Outcome
- effective against G. zeaee0
- Direction
- versus onlye0
- Value
- 4 of 54e0
- Qualifier
- 3 of 170e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4 of 54 isolates that utilized tartaric acid in vitro were effective against G. zeae versus only 3 of 170 isolates tested that did not utilize tartaric acid (P ≤ 0.05”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude tartaric acid prescreening may benefit antagonist selection.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- prescreening candidate antagonists of FHB for their ability to utilize tartaric acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“demonstrating the potential benefit of prescreening candidate antagonists of FHB for their ability to utilize tartaric acid”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors consider biological control promising within integrated FHB management.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Biological control shows promise as part of an integrated pest management program for managing FHBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biological control shows promise as part of an integrated pest management program for managing FHB”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.