Abstract
A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3. Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d. O3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contents and plant biomass in -S treatment, but no considerable differences were noted in those parameters between +O3+S and CF+S treatments. O3-induced loss in cellular membrane integrity was significant in -S plants, but not in +S plants evidenced by significant elevations being measured in electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in -S plants, but not in +S plants. Both O3 and salinity increased proline content and stimulated antioxidant enzymes activities. Soluble protein increased by salinity but decreased by O3. Abscisic acid (ABA) was significantly elevated by O3 in -S plants but not in +S plants. The results of this study suggested that the specificity of different agricultural environments should be considered in order to develop reliable prediction models on O3 damage to wheat plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents in non-saline wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- JN17e1
- Treatment
- O3e2
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contentse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- -S treatmente2
- Comparator
- charcoal-filtered aire1
- Setting
- open-top chamberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e2“O3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contents and plant biomass in -S treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 significantly reduced plant biomass of non-saline wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Material
- JN17e1
- Treatment
- O3e2
- Outcome
- plant biomasse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- -S treatmente2
- Comparator
- charcoal-filtered aire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e2“O3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contents and plant biomass in -S treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 significantly increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content in non-saline wheat but not in saline wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Material
- JN17e1
- Treatment
- O3e3
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contente3
- Direction
- elevationse3
- Qualifier
- -S plants, but not in +S plantse3
- Comparator
- charcoal-filtered aire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e3“O3-induced loss in cellular membrane integrity was significant in -S plants, but not in +S plants evidenced by significant elevations being measured in electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in -S plants, but not in +S plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 increased proline content in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- O3e4
- Outcome
- proline contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- charcoal-filtered aire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e4“Both O3 and salinity increased proline content and stimulated antioxidant enzymes activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- O3e4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitiese4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
- Comparator
- charcoal-filtered aire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e4“Both O3 and salinity increased proline content and stimulated antioxidant enzymes activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased proline content in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- salinitye4
- Outcome
- proline contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- saltless (-S)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e4“Both O3 and salinity increased proline content and stimulated antioxidant enzymes activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- salinitye4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitiese4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
- Comparator
- saltless (-S)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e4“Both O3 and salinity increased proline content and stimulated antioxidant enzymes activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased soluble protein in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- salinitye5
- Outcome
- Soluble proteine5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- saltless (-S)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e5“Soluble protein increased by salinity but decreased by O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 decreased soluble protein in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- O3e5
- Outcome
- Soluble proteine5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Comparator
- charcoal-filtered aire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e5“Soluble protein increased by salinity but decreased by O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 significantly elevated abscisic acid in non-saline wheat but not in saline wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- O3e6
- Outcome
- Abscisic acid (ABA)e6
- Direction
- elevatede6
- Qualifier
- -S plants but not in +S plantse6
- Comparator
- charcoal-filtered aire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand-culture experiment was conducted in open-top chambers which were constructed in a greenhouse to investigate the responses of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to O3”
e1“Plant seeding of JN17 (a popular winter wheat cultivar) was grown in saltless (-S) and saline (+S, 100 mM NaCl) conditions combined with charcoal-filtered air (CF, < 5 ppb O3) and elevated O3 (+O3, 80 ± 5 ppb, 8 h day-1) for 30 d”
e6“Abscisic acid (ABA) was significantly elevated by O3 in -S plants but not in +S plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The specificity of agricultural environments should be considered to develop reliable prediction models of O3 damage to wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume7
- Outcome
- reliable prediction models on O3 damagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The results of this study suggested that the specificity of different agricultural environments should be considered in order to develop reliable prediction models on O3 damage to wheat plants”
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