Abstract
Nitrogen (N) leaching from spring barley with and without undersown Italian ryegrass was studied in Jokioinen, south-western Finland during five years (summer 1993spring 1998) in 1.7 m deep lysimeters (Ø0.9 m) filled to 1.1 m with clay, silt, sand and peat soil. Tillage was performed in mid- October or in May, before sowing of the barley and ryegrass for the next season. In the second, third and fourth years of the experiment, total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively. Undersowing reduced N leaching by 52,31,68 and 27%. The reduction in N leaching from clay and sand when barley was undersown with ryegrass was nearly the same as the increased total uptake of N (barley +ryegrass).In sand soil, ryegrass was able to diminish the NO 3-N concentration of the drainage water well below the limit for acceptable drinking water. Spring tillage reduced N leaching only on peat soil (16%). Slight competition between the main and the undersown crop was indicated by lower N contents of the barley yield.;
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Total N leaching from spring barley without undersown ryegrass in clay soil was 15 (kg ha-1 y-1; values 15, 7.9, 32, 38 for clay, silt, sand, peat) in the second to fourth years.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Outcome
- total N leachinge0
- Value
- 15e0
- Setting
- claye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total N leaching from spring barley without undersown ryegrass in silt soil was 7.9 (kg ha-1 y-1; values 15, 7.9, 32, 38 for clay, silt, sand, peat) in the second to fourth years.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- total N leachinge0
- Value
- 7.9e0
- Setting
- silte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total N leaching from spring barley without undersown ryegrass in sand soil was 32 (kg ha-1 y-1; values 15, 7.9, 32, 38 for clay, silt, sand, peat) in the second to fourth years.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- total N leachinge0
- Value
- 32e0
- Setting
- sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total N leaching from spring barley without undersown ryegrass in peat soil was 38 kg ha-1 y-1 (kg ha-1 y-1; values 15, 7.9, 32, 38 for clay, silt, sand, peat) in the second to fourth years.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- total N leachinge0
- Value
- 38 kg ha-1 y-1e0
- Setting
- peate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Undersowing Italian ryegrass reduced N leaching from barley in clay soil by 52% relative to barley without undersown ryegrass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Undersowinge1
- Outcome
- N leachinge1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 52e1
- Comparator
- barley without undersown ryegrasse0
- Setting
- claye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively”
e1“Undersowing reduced N leaching by 52,31,68 and 27%”
Claim · model-written summary
Undersowing Italian ryegrass reduced N leaching from barley in silt soil by 31% relative to barley without undersown ryegrass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Undersowinge1
- Outcome
- N leachinge1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 31e1
- Comparator
- barley without undersown ryegrasse0
- Setting
- silte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively”
e1“Undersowing reduced N leaching by 52,31,68 and 27%”
Claim · model-written summary
Undersowing Italian ryegrass reduced N leaching from barley in sand soil by 68% relative to barley without undersown ryegrass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Undersowinge1
- Outcome
- N leachinge1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 68e1
- Comparator
- barley without undersown ryegrasse0
- Setting
- sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively”
e1“Undersowing reduced N leaching by 52,31,68 and 27%”
Claim · model-written summary
Undersowing Italian ryegrass reduced N leaching from barley in peat soil by 27% relative to barley without undersown ryegrass.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Undersowinge1
- Outcome
- N leachinge1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 27%e1
- Comparator
- barley without undersown ryegrasse0
- Setting
- peate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively”
e1“Undersowing reduced N leaching by 52,31,68 and 27%”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring tillage reduced N leaching only on peat soil, by 16%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Spring tillagee0
- Outcome
- N leachinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Setting
- peat soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring tillage reduced N leaching only on peat soil (16%)”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
In clay and sand soils, the reduction in N leaching with ryegrass undersown in barley was nearly the same as the increased total N uptake (barley plus ryegrass).
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- undersown with ryegrasse0
- Outcome
- increased total uptake of Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- clay and sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction in N leaching from clay and sand when barley was undersown with ryegrass was nearly the same as the increased total uptake of N (barley +ryegrass)”
Claim · model-written summary
In sand soil, ryegrass diminished the NO3-N concentration of the drainage water well below the limit for acceptable drinking water.
- Treatment
- ryegrasse0
- Outcome
- NO 3-N concentration of the drainage watere0
- Direction
- diminishe0
- Setting
- sand soile0
LoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sand soil, ryegrass was able to diminish the NO 3-N concentration of the drainage water well below the limit for acceptable drinking water”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower N contents of the barley yield indicated slight competition between the main and the undersown crop.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- N contents of the barley yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- Slight competitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slight competition between the main and the undersown crop was indicated by lower N contents of the barley yield”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · environment: emissions · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.