Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) and nitric oxide (NO) are plant growth regulators that coordinate several plant physiological responses determining root architecture. Nonetheless, the way in which these factors interact to affect these growth and developmental processes is not well understood. The Arabidopsis thaliana F-box proteins TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) are auxin receptors that mediate degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) repressors to induce auxin-regulated responses. A broad spectrum of NO-mediated protein modifications are known in eukaryotic cells. Here, we provide evidence that NO donors increase auxin-dependent gene expression while NO depletion blocks Aux/IAA protein degradation. NO also enhances TIR1-Aux/IAA interaction as evidenced by pull-down and two-hybrid assays. In addition, we provide evidence for NO-mediated modulation of auxin signaling through S-nitrosylation of the TIR1 auxin receptor. S-nitrosylation of cysteine is a redox-based post-translational modification that contributes to the complexity of the cellular proteome. We show that TIR1 C140 is a critical residue for TIR1-Aux/IAA interaction and TIR1 function. These results suggest that TIR1 S-nitrosylation enhances TIR1-Aux/IAA interaction, facilitating Aux/IAA degradation and subsequently promoting activation of gene expression. Our findings underline the importance of NO in phytohormone signaling pathways.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
NO donors increase auxin dependent gene expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- NO donorse0
- Outcome
- auxin-dependent gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO donors increase auxin-dependent gene expression”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
NO depletion blocks Aux/IAA protein degradation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- NO depletione0
- Gene
- Aux/IAAe0
- Outcome
- Aux/IAA protein degradatione0
- Direction
- blockse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO depletion blocks Aux/IAA protein degradation”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
NO enhances the TIR1–Aux/IAA interaction in pull down and two hybrid assays.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Gene
- TIR1-Aux/IAAe0
- Outcome
- TIR1-Aux/IAA interactione0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO also enhances TIR1-Aux/IAA interaction as evidenced by pull-down and two-hybrid assays”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
NO modulates auxin signaling through S nitrosylation of TIR1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TIR1e0
- Outcome
- auxin signalinge0
- Qualifier
- S-nitrosylatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO-mediated modulation of auxin signaling through S-nitrosylation of the TIR1 auxin receptor”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
TIR1 C140 is critical for interaction with Aux/IAA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TIR1 C140e0
- Outcome
- TIR1-Aux/IAA interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TIR1 C140 is a critical residue for TIR1-Aux/IAA interaction and TIR1 function”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
TIR1 C140 is critical for TIR1 function.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TIR1 C140e0
- Outcome
- TIR1 functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TIR1 C140 is a critical residue for TIR1-Aux/IAA interaction and TIR1 function”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest TIR1 S nitrosylation promotes auxin regulated expression through increased TIR1–Aux/IAA interaction and Aux/IAA degradation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TIR1e0
- Outcome
- activation of gene expressione0
- Qualifier
- S-nitrosylatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TIR1 S-nitrosylation enhances TIR1-Aux/IAA interaction, facilitating Aux/IAA degradation and subsequently promoting activation of gene expression”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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