Abstract
Seed dormancy is a common phase of the plant life cycle, and several parts of the seed can contribute to dormancy. Whole seeds, seeds lacking the testa, embryos, and isolated aleurone layers of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were used in experiments designed to identify components of the Arabidopsis seed that contribute to seed dormancy and to learn more about how dormancy and germination are regulated in this species. The aleurone layer was found to be the primary determinant of seed dormancy. Embryos from dormant seeds, however, had a lesser growth potential than those from nondormant seeds. Arabidopsis aleurone cells were examined by light and electron microscopy, and cell ultrastructure was similar to that of cereal aleurone cells. Arabidopsis aleurone cells responded to nitric oxide (NO), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid, with NO being upstream of GA in a signaling pathway that leads to vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles and abscisic acid inhibiting vacuolation. Molecular changes that occurred in embryos and aleurone layers prior to germination were measured, and these data show that both the aleurone layer and the embryo expressed the NO-associated gene AtNOS1, but only the embryo expressed genes for the GA biosynthetic enzyme GA3 oxidase.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The aleurone layer was the primary determinant of Arabidopsis seed dormancy.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- aleurone layere0
- Outcome
- seed dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aleurone layer was found to be the primary determinant of seed dormancy”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryos from dormant Arabidopsis seeds had less growth potential than embryos from nondormant seeds.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- Embryose0
- Outcome
- growth potentiale0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Comparator
- nondormant seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Embryos from dormant seeds, however, had a lesser growth potential than those from nondormant seeds”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis aleurone cell ultrastructure was similar to cereal aleurone cell ultrastructure.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- aleurone cellse1
- Outcome
- cell ultrastructuree0
- Comparator
- cereal aleurone cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell ultrastructure was similar to that of cereal aleurone cells”
e1“Arabidopsis aleurone cells were examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide promoted vacuolation in Arabidopsis aleurone cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- nitric oxide (NO)e0
- Outcome
- vacuolation of protein storage vacuolese0
- Direction
- leads toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis aleurone cells responded to nitric oxide (NO), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid, with NO being upstream of GA in a signaling pathway that leads to vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin participated in the aleurone vacuolation pathway downstream of nitric oxide.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Outcome
- vacuolation of protein storage vacuolese0
- Qualifier
- NO being upstream of GAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO being upstream of GA in a signaling pathway that leads to vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles”
e1“Arabidopsis aleurone cells responded to nitric oxide (NO), gibberellin (GA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid inhibited vacuolation of Arabidopsis aleurone cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- vacuolatione0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid inhibiting vacuolation”
e1“Arabidopsis aleurone cells responded to nitric oxide (NO)”
Claim · model-written summary
The aleurone and embryo both expressed AtNOS1 before germination.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- aleurone layer and the embryoe0
- Gene
- AtNOS1e0
- Outcome
- expressed the NO-associated gene AtNOS1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the aleurone layer and the embryo expressed the NO-associated gene AtNOS1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the Arabidopsis embryo expressed GA3 oxidase genes before germination.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Gene
- GA3 oxidasee0
- Outcome
- expressed genes for the GA biosynthetic enzyme GA3 oxidasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the embryo expressed genes for the GA biosynthetic enzyme GA3 oxidase”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
nitric oxide · quality: protein · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.