Abstract
The effect of the host plant on the efficacy of Verticillium chlamydosporium as a biological control agent for root-knot nematodes was investigated in four experiments. The growth of the fungus in the rhizosphere differed significantly with different plant species, the brassicas kale and cabbage supporting the most extensive colonization. The presence of nematodes in roots increased the growth of the fungus on most plants, and this effect was associated with the emergence of egg masses on the root surface; the presence of Meloidogyne incognita did not stimulate growth of the fungus in the rhizosphere until 5 weeks after the addition of infective juveniles to soil. The susceptibility of the plant host to M. incognita attack influenced the numbers of nematode eggs parasitized by the fungus. The control of the nematode was less effective on tomato roots, which produced large galls as a result of nematode infection compared with control on potato roots where galls were smaller, despite the greater abundance of the fungus in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. In large galls, a significant proportion of the egg masses remained embedded in the roots and was isolated from the fungus which was confined to the rhizosphere. Hence, the plant species has a marked effect on the efficacy of V. chlamydosporium as a biological control agent. Keywords: Biological ControlMeloidogyne IncognitaVerticillium ChlamydosporiumRoot-knot NematodesRhizosphere Colonization
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal rhizosphere growth differed significantly among plants, with kale and cabbage most extensively colonized.
- Taxon
- kale and cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. viridis
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Material
- brassicas kale and cabbagee0
- Outcome
- growth of the fungus in the rhizospheree0
- Direction
- most extensivee0
- Setting
- rhizospheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the fungus in the rhizosphere differed significantly with different plant species, the brassicas kale and cabbage supporting the most extensive colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode presence in roots increased fungal growth on most plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- presence of nematodes in rootse0
- Outcome
- growth of the funguse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The presence of nematodes in roots increased the growth of the fungus on most plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal growth response was associated with egg masses emerging on the root surface.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“this effect was associated with the emergence of egg masses on the root surface”
t0“Host Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita did not stimulate rhizosphere fungal growth until five weeks after inoculation.
- Taxon
- host plantt0
- Treatment
- presence of Meloidogyne incognitae0
- Outcome
- growth of the fungus in the rhizospheree0
- Direction
- did not stimulatee0
- Qualifier
- until 5 weeks after the addition of infective juveniles to soile0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the presence of Meloidogyne incognita did not stimulate growth of the fungus in the rhizosphere until 5 weeks after the addition of infective juveniles to soil”
t0“Host Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant susceptibility influenced the number of nematode eggs parasitized by the fungus.
- Taxon
- plant hoste0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- numbers of nematode eggs parasitized by the funguse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The susceptibility of the plant host to M. incognita attack influenced the numbers of nematode eggs parasitized by the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode control was less effective on tomato than potato roots.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- control of the nematodee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- potato rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of the nematode was less effective on tomato roots, which produced large galls as a result of nematode infection compared with control on potato roots where galls were smaller”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato roots produced larger galls than potato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- gallse0
- Direction
- largee0
- Comparator
- potato rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato roots, which produced large galls as a result of nematode infection compared with control on potato roots where galls were smaller”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal abundance in the tomato rhizosphere exceeded that of potato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- abundance of the fungus in the rhizospheree0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“despite the greater abundance of the fungus in the rhizosphere of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Egg masses embedded in large galls were isolated from rhizosphere fungus.
Verbatim
e0“In large galls, a significant proportion of the egg masses remained embedded in the roots and was isolated from the fungus which was confined to the rhizosphere”
e1“The susceptibility of the plant host to M. incognita attack”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant species markedly affects V. chlamydosporium biocontrol efficacy.
- Taxon
- plant speciese0
- Interactor
- V. chlamydosporiumPochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficacy of V. chlamydosporium as a biological control agente0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the plant species has a marked effect on the efficacy of V. chlamydosporium as a biological control agent”
The same questions in other papers
Meloidogyne incognita · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.