Abstract
Physiological effects of flooding might be interpretable through measures of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. Photosynthesis and respiration processes were measured in Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canarygrass), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean). Pisum sativum L. (pea), Vicia faba L. (broad bean), and Zea mays L. (maize) following three days of flooding. From this, we propose a model of physiological flooding tolerance regarding photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Tolerance to flooding results from an ability to maintain photosynthesis and high stomatal conductance when flooded, and to avoid oxygen shortage in roots. The most flooding-tolerant attributes were observed in the wetland grass Phalaris arundinacea. Oxygen was not limiting for root respiration when flooded, and photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance increased in the flooding treatment. The flooding tolerant Zea mays and the broad bean Vicia faba were the next most flooding tolerant, as indicated by increased photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance with flooding, but both displayed signs of oxygen stress from three days of flooding. The flooding-sensitive Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum were the most impacted by flooding, particularly P. vulgaris. Roots of P. vulgaris and P. sativum experienced oxygen stress in flooded treatments. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased in flooding treatments, and there was evidence of increased photoprotection with flooding in P. vulgaris. An ability to allocate light energy to photochemistry during flooding also appeared to be related to flooding tolerance. Plant flooding tolerance is mainly determined by an ability to maintain respiratory processes in affected tissues.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Phalaris arundinacea had the most flooding tolerant attributes.
- Taxon
- Phalaris arundinacea
Phalaris arundinaceae0 - Outcome
- flooding-tolerant attributese0
- Direction
- most flooding-tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most flooding-tolerant attributes were observed in the wetland grass Phalaris arundinacea”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding did not limit root respiration oxygen in Phalaris arundinacea.
- Taxon
- Phalaris arundinacea L.Phalaris arundinaceae0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- floodede1
- Outcome
- Oxygen was not limiting for root respiratione1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canarygrass)”
e1“Oxygen was not limiting for root respiration when flooded”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding increased photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance in Phalaris arundinacea.
- Taxon
- Phalaris arundinacea L.Phalaris arundinaceae0
- Treatment
- flooding treatmente1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canarygrass)”
e1“photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance increased in the flooding treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in Zea mays.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zea mays and the broad bean Vicia faba were the next most flooding tolerant, as indicated by increased photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance with flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- floodinge0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zea mays and the broad bean Vicia faba were the next most flooding tolerant, as indicated by increased photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance with flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Zea mays showed oxygen stress after three days of flooding.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flooding tolerant Zea mays and the broad bean Vicia faba”
e1“both displayed signs of oxygen stress from three days of flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Vicia faba showed oxygen stress after three days of flooding.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- three days of floodinge1
- Outcome
- signs of oxygen stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flooding tolerant Zea mays and the broad bean Vicia faba”
e1“both displayed signs of oxygen stress from three days of flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Phaseolus vulgaris was among the most affected flooding sensitive species.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Outcome
- most impacted by floodinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flooding-sensitive Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum were the most impacted by flooding, particularly P. vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Pisum sativum was among the most affected flooding sensitive species.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Outcome
- most impacted by floodinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flooding-sensitive Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum were the most impacted by flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded Phaseolus vulgaris roots experienced oxygen stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- Rootse0
- Treatment
- flooded treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oxygen stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots of P. vulgaris and P. sativum experienced oxygen stress in flooded treatments”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded Pisum sativum roots experienced oxygen stress.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- Rootse0
- Treatment
- flooded treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oxygen stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots of P. vulgaris and P. sativum experienced oxygen stress in flooded treatments”
e1“Pisum sativum L. (pea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding decreased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- flooding treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesis and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased in flooding treatments”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding decreased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in Pisum sativum.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- flooding treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesis and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased in flooding treatments”
e1“Pisum sativum L. (pea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding increased photoprotection in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- floodinge0
- Outcome
- photoprotectione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was evidence of increased photoprotection with flooding in P. vulgaris”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maintaining photosynthesis and stomatal conductance while avoiding root oxygen shortage is proposed to confer flooding tolerance.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- Tolerance to floodinge0
- Qualifier
- ability to maintain photosynthesis and high stomatal conductance when flooded, and to avoid oxygen shortage in rootse0
Verbatim
e0“Tolerance to flooding results from an ability to maintain photosynthesis and high stomatal conductance when flooded, and to avoid oxygen shortage in roots”
t0“Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Allocation of light energy to photochemistry appeared related to flooding tolerance.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Treatment
- floodinge0
- Outcome
- flooding tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- allocate light energy to photochemistrye0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“An ability to allocate light energy to photochemistry during flooding also appeared to be related to flooding tolerance”
t0“Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude flooding tolerance mainly depends on maintaining respiration in affected tissues.
Verbatim
e0“Plant flooding tolerance is mainly determined by an ability to maintain respiratory processes in affected tissues”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →flooding · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.