Abstract
Two field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of metsulfuron-methyl and 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1 H -pyrazole (CMN-pyrazole) on abscission of `Valencia' orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] during the 3-month harvest season. Solutions of metsulfuron-methyl at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg·L -1 active ingredient (a.i.) were applied at 10-day intervals beginning on 13 Feb. and ending 18 May 1998. Early in the harvest season, 1 or 2 mg·L -1 metsulfuron-methyl significantly reduced fruit detachment force (FDF) 14 days after application. Metsulfuron-methyl was less effective during a 4- to 6-week period following bloom (“less-responsive period”). After this period, metsulfuron-methyl regained the ability to loosen fruit. Applications of 2 mg·L -1 a.i. were more effective than 1 mg·L -1 in reducing FDF and causing leaf drop, but 0.5 mg·L -1 a.i. had little or no effect on FDF. Flowers and leaflets on developing shoots and young fruit completely abscised with 1 and 2 mg·L -1 a.i. Defoliation and twig dieback was extensive at all concentrations and spray dates, eliminating metsulfuron-methyl as a commercially viable abscission agent for citrus. In a separate experiment CMN-pyrazole at 50 and 100 mg·L -1 a.i. and metsulfuronmethyl at 0.5 mg·L -1 a.i. were applied to `Valencia' trees to determine fruit removal with a trunk shake and catch harvesting system. Application of both abscission materials before and after the “less-responsive period” resulted in a 10% to 12% increase in fruit removal when compared to control trees. Less than a 35% reduction in FDF was sufficient to significantly increase fruit removal. Only 100 mg·L -1 a.i. CMN-pyrazole significantly increased fruit removal when applied during the “less-responsive period.” Chemical names used: Methyl-2-(((((4-Methoxy-6-Methyl-1,3,5-Triazin-2-yl)-Amino)Carbonyl) Amino)Sulfonyl)Benzene (Metsulfuron-methyl); 5-Chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1- H -pyrazole (CMN-pyrazole).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Metsulfuron-methyl at 1 or 2 mg·L -1 significantly reduced fruit detachment force 14 days after application early in the harvest season.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensise1 - Treatment
- 1 or 2 mg·L -1 metsulfuron-methyle2
- Outcome
- fruit detachment force (FDF)e2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck”
e2“1 or 2 mg·L -1 metsulfuron-methyl significantly reduced fruit detachment force (FDF) 14 days after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Metsulfuron-methyl at 2 mg·L -1 was more effective than 1 mg·L -1 in reducing fruit detachment force.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- 2 mg·L -1 a.i.e3
- Outcome
- FDFe3
- Direction
- more effectivee3
- Comparator
- 1 mg·L -1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck”
e3“Applications of 2 mg·L -1 a.i. were more effective than 1 mg·L -1 in reducing FDF and causing leaf drop”
Claim · model-written summary
Metsulfuron-methyl at 0.5 mg·L -1 had little or no effect on fruit detachment force.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg·L -1 a.i.e4
- Outcome
- FDFe4
- Direction
- had little or no effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck”
e4“0.5 mg·L -1 a.i. had little or no effect on FDF”
Claim · model-written summary
Metsulfuron-methyl at 1 and 2 mg·L -1 completely abscised flowers and leaflets on developing shoots and young fruit.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- 1 and 2 mg·L -1 a.i.e5
- Outcome
- Flowers and leaflets on developing shoots and young fruite5
- Direction
- completely abscisede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck”
e5“Flowers and leaflets on developing shoots and young fruit completely abscised with 1 and 2 mg·L -1 a.i.”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation and twig dieback were extensive at all metsulfuron-methyl concentrations and spray dates.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- all concentrations and spray datese6
- Outcome
- Defoliation and twig diebacke6
- Direction
- extensivee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck”
e6“Defoliation and twig dieback was extensive at all concentrations and spray dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Metsulfuron-methyl is not a commercially viable abscission agent for citrus.
- Outcome
- commercially viable abscission agente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“eliminating metsulfuron-methyl as a commercially viable abscission agent for citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying both abscission materials before and after the less-responsive period increased fruit removal by 10% to 12% over control trees.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- Application of both abscission materialse2
- Outcome
- fruit removale2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 10% to 12%e2
- Comparator
- control treese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck”
e2“Application of both abscission materials before and after the “less-responsive period” resulted in a 10% to 12% increase in fruit removal when compared to control trees”
Claim · model-written summary
A 35% reduction in fruit detachment force was sufficient to significantly increase fruit removal.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- 35% reduction in FDFe2
- Outcome
- fruit removale2
- Direction
- increasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck”
e2“Less than a 35% reduction in FDF was sufficient to significantly increase fruit removal”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 100 mg·L -1 CMN-pyrazole significantly increased fruit removal when applied during the less-responsive period.
- Taxon
- Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- 100 mg·L -1 a.i. CMN-pyrazolee2
- Outcome
- fruit removale2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck”
e2“Only 100 mg·L -1 a.i. CMN-pyrazole significantly increased fruit removal when applied during the “less-responsive period.””
The same questions in other papers
application · pest · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.