Abstract
One of the possibility that allow costs of soilless tomato culture to be reduced is to reuse the same growing medium. Expanded clay is classified as an inert medium, that is, chemically and biologically passive, although some studies indicate the possibility of the occurrence of exchange sorption and ion adsorption in this medium during cultivation. The aim of the study, conducted in the period 2007–2008, was to determine the usefulness of expanded clay being post-production waste in soilless tomato culture under extended cycle conditions. The study used new expanded clay (I) as the control and expanded clay being post-production waste from year-round tomato cultivation with the following experimental design: chemically sterilized material (II); material washed in water with the remains of the old root system of plants removed and additionally chemically sterilized (III); and material without any modifying treatments (IV). Expanded clay was placed in 12 dm3 poly sleeves and formed in the shape of growing slabs. Crops were grown using a drip irrigation and fertilization system with closed nutrient solution circulation, without recirculation. The nutrient solution was supplied to all plants in the same amount and with the same composition. The study found the lowest total fruit yield (15.10 kg·plant-1) and marketable fruit yield (14.07 kg·plant-1) of tomato grown in reused expanded clay without any modifying treatments (IV), whereas this yield was significantly higher from tomato plants grown in the material washed and additionally chemically sterilized (III). Fruits with the highest unit weight (150.8 g) were picked from plants grown in new expanded clay (I), while fruits with a significantly lower weight (138.6 g) were obtained from the treatments with the reused medium both washed and chemically sterilized (III). Fruits of tomato plants growing in reused expanded clay subjected to washing and chemical sterilization (III) contained the highest amount of dry matter (5.71%) and total sugars (3.08% fr.w.), whereas fruits of tomato grown in the new medium (I) had the highest amount of vitamin C (21.96 mg·100 g-1 FW), zinc (25.86 mg·kg-1 d.w) and copper (6.10 mg·kg-1 d.w).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated reused clay produced the lowest total fruit yield, 15.10 kg·plant-1.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- reused expanded clay without any modifying treatments (IV)e0
- Outcome
- total fruit yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 15.10 kg·plant-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest total fruit yield (15.10 kg·plant-1) and marketable fruit yield (14.07 kg·plant-1) of tomato grown in reused expanded clay without any modifying treatments (IV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated reused clay produced the lowest marketable yield, 14.07 kg·plant-1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reused expanded clay without any modifying treatments (IV)e0
- Outcome
- marketable fruit yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 14.07 kg·plant-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest total fruit yield (15.10 kg·plant-1) and marketable fruit yield (14.07 kg·plant-1) of tomato grown in reused expanded clay without any modifying treatments (IV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Washed and sterilized reused clay significantly increased yield versus untreated reused clay.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- material washed and additionally chemically sterilized (III)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this yield was significantly higher from tomato plants grown in the material washed and additionally chemically sterilized (III)”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVATION”
Claim · model-written summary
New clay produced the greatest fruit unit weight, 150.8 g.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- new expanded clay (I)e0
- Outcome
- unit weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 150.8 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruits with the highest unit weight (150.8 g) were picked from plants grown in new expanded clay (I)”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVATION”
Claim · model-written summary
Washed and sterilized reused clay yielded lower unit weight of 138.6 g.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- reused medium both washed and chemically sterilized (III)e0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 138.6 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruits with a significantly lower weight (138.6 g) were obtained from the treatments with the reused medium both washed and chemically sterilized (III)”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVATION”
Claim · model-written summary
Washed and sterilized clay produced the highest fruit dry matter, 5.71%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reused expanded clay subjected to washing and chemical sterilization (III)e0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.71%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruits of tomato plants growing in reused expanded clay subjected to washing and chemical sterilization (III) contained the highest amount of dry matter (5.71%) and total sugars (3.08% fr.w.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Washed and sterilized clay produced the highest fruit total sugars, 3.08% fresh weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reused expanded clay subjected to washing and chemical sterilization (III)e0
- Outcome
- total sugarse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.08% fr.w.e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruits of tomato plants growing in reused expanded clay subjected to washing and chemical sterilization (III) contained the highest amount of dry matter (5.71%) and total sugars (3.08% fr.w.)”
Claim · model-written summary
New clay produced the highest fruit vitamin C, 21.96 mg·100 g-1 FW.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- new medium (I)e0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 21.96 mg·100 g-1 FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruits of tomato grown in the new medium (I) had the highest amount of vitamin C (21.96 mg·100 g-1 FW), zinc (25.86 mg·kg-1 d.w) and copper (6.10 mg·kg-1 d.w)”
Claim · model-written summary
New clay produced the highest fruit zinc, 25.86 mg·kg-1 dry weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- new medium (I)e0
- Outcome
- zince0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 25.86 mg·kg-1 d.we0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruits of tomato grown in the new medium (I) had the highest amount of vitamin C (21.96 mg·100 g-1 FW), zinc (25.86 mg·kg-1 d.w) and copper (6.10 mg·kg-1 d.w)”
Claim · model-written summary
New clay produced the highest fruit copper, 6.10 mg·kg-1 dry weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- new medium (I)e0
- Outcome
- coppere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.10 mg·kg-1 d.we0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruits of tomato grown in the new medium (I) had the highest amount of vitamin C (21.96 mg·100 g-1 FW), zinc (25.86 mg·kg-1 d.w) and copper (6.10 mg·kg-1 d.w)”
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