Abstract
ABSTRACT Late leaf spot (LLS), caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata, is a foliar disease of groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with high economic and global importance. Antifungal and chitinolytic Bacillus circulans GRS 243 and Serratia marcescens GPS 5, selected among a collection of 393 peanut-associated bacteria, were applied as a prophylactic foliar spray and tested for control of LLS. Chitin-supplemented application of B. circulans GRS 243 and S. marcescens GPS 5 resulted in improved biological control of LLS disease. Supplementation of bacterial cells with 1% (wt/vol) colloidal chitin reduced lesion frequency by 60% compared with application of bacterial cells alone, in the greenhouse. Chitinsupplemented application of GRS 243 and GPS 5 also resulted in improved and stable control of LLS in a repeated field experiment and increased the pod yields by 62 and 75%, respectively, compared with the control. Chitin-supplemented application of GPS 5 was tested in six onfarm trials, and the increase in pod yields was up to 48% in kharif (rainy season). A 55-kDa chitinase was purified from the cell-free culture filtrate of GPS 5 by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Purified chitinase of S. marcescens GPS 5 (specific activity 120 units) inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata conidia, lysed the conidia, and effectively controlled LLS in greenhouse tests, indicating the importance of chitinolysis in biological control of LLS disease by GPS 5.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin supplementation improved bacterial biological control of late leaf spot.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Chitin-supplemented application of B. circulans GRS 243 and S. marcescens GPS 5e0
- Interactor
- Phaeoisariopsis personataNothopassalora personatae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. circulans GRS 243 and S. marcescens GPS 5e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biological control of LLS diseasee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitin-supplemented application of B. circulans GRS 243 and S. marcescens GPS 5 resulted in improved biological control of LLS disease.”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
e1“Late leaf spot (LLS), caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin with bacterial cells reduced lesion frequency by 60% versus bacterial cells alone in greenhouse.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 1% (wt/vol) colloidal chitine0
- Outcome
- lesion frequencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Comparator
- application of bacterial cells alonee0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementation of bacterial cells with 1% (wt/vol) colloidal chitin reduced lesion frequency by 60% compared with application of bacterial cells alone, in the greenhouse.”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin-supplemented bacteria improved stable field control of late leaf spot.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Chitinsupplemented application of GRS 243 and GPS 5e0
- Interactor
- GRS 243 and GPS 5e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control of LLSe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitinsupplemented application of GRS 243 and GPS 5 also resulted in improved and stable control of LLS in a repeated field experiment”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin-supplemented GRS 243 increased pod yield by 62%.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Chitinsupplemented application of GRS 243e0
- Interactor
- GRS 243e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pod yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 62e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitinsupplemented application of GRS 243 and GPS 5 also resulted in improved and stable control of LLS in a repeated field experiment and increased the pod yields by 62 and 75%, respectively, compared with the control.”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin-supplemented GPS 5 increased pod yield by 75%.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- GPS 5e0
- Interactor
- GPS 5e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pod yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitinsupplemented application of GRS 243 and GPS 5 also resulted in improved and stable control of LLS in a repeated field experiment and increased the pod yields by 62 and 75%, respectively, compared with the control.”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin-supplemented GPS 5 raised pod yield by up to 48% in rainy-season on-farm trials.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Chitin-supplemented application of GPS 5e0
- Interactor
- GPS 5e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pod yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- up to 48%e0
- Qualifier
- kharif (rainy season)e0
- Setting
- onfarm trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitin-supplemented application of GPS 5 was tested in six onfarm trials, and the increase in pod yields was up to 48% in kharif (rainy season).”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPS 5 chitinase inhibited P. personata conidial germination in vitro.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Purified chitinase of S. marcescens GPS 5e0
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. marcescens GPS 5
Serratia marcescense0biocontrol_agent - Gene
- chitinasee0
- Outcome
- germination of P. personata conidiae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purified chitinase of S. marcescens GPS 5 (specific activity 120 units) inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata conidia”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPS 5 chitinase lysed P. personata conidia.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Purified chitinase of S. marcescens GPS 5e0
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. marcescens GPS 5Serratia marcescense0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- chitinasee0
- Outcome
- lysed the conidiae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purified chitinase of S. marcescens GPS 5 (specific activity 120 units) inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata conidia, lysed the conidia”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPS 5 chitinase controlled late leaf spot in greenhouse tests.
- Taxon
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Purified chitinase of S. marcescens GPS 5e0
- Interactor
- P. personataNothopassalora personatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. marcescens GPS 5Serratia marcescense0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- chitinasee0
- Outcome
- LLSe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Setting
- greenhouse testse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purified chitinase of S. marcescens GPS 5 (specific activity 120 units) inhibited the in vitro germination of P. personata conidia, lysed the conidia, and effectively controlled LLS in greenhouse tests”
t0“Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.