Abstract
Salinity causes yield reductions if threshold levels are exceeded, while it can cause the deterioration of some qualitative parameters and/or the improvement of others. Two years (2000–2001, 2006–2007) research was carried out to evaluate the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel, a vegetable very common in Apulia region. We compared two types of soil and two sodium absorption ratio of irrigation water obtained by dissolving in distilled water NaCl + CaCl2 (1:1) or only NaCl, and four electrical conductivity of water of 0.7 (control), 4, 8 and 12 dS m−1. The soil type does not show any noticeable effect on the tested parameters. The salt type influenced the plant development and the total soluble solids contained in the bulbs. The plant height, the leaf and the bulb weight were, respectively, 6, 11 and 21% higher in NaCl + CaCl2 treatment as compared to NaCl one. The plant height, the leaf and the bulb weight dropped, respectively, by 33, 49 and 71%, shifting from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1 salinity treatments. The dry matter content and total soluble solids increased with rising salinity. In fact, shifting from the control to the more saline treatment, the leaves and the bulbs dry matter increased, respectively, by 15 and 13%, and total soluble solids increased by 17%. Moreover, the increase in salinity favoured the production of flattened bulbs. The application of the Maas and Hoffman model to salinity response confirms the ranking of this species among moderately salt sensitive species, even though the critical threshold was the same for NaCl and NaCl + CaCl2 treatments (1.26 dS m−1), while the slope was higher in NaCl treatment (14.24% m dS−1) than NaCl + CaCl2 (10.39% m dS−1).
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Soil type had no noticeable effect on the tested fennel parameters
- Taxon
- fennel
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculume1 - Treatment
- soil typee2
- Outcome
- tested parameterse2
- Direction
- does not show any noticeable effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e2“The soil type does not show any noticeable effect on the tested parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt type influenced fennel plant development and bulb total soluble solids
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- salt typee3
- Outcome
- plant development and the total soluble solids contained in the bulbse3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e3“The salt type influenced the plant development and the total soluble solids contained in the bulbs”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height was 6% higher with NaCl + CaCl2 irrigation water than with NaCl
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- NaCl + CaCl2e4
- Outcome
- plant heighte4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 6e4
- Comparator
- NaCle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e4“The plant height, the leaf and the bulb weight were, respectively, 6, 11 and 21% higher in NaCl + CaCl2 treatment as compared to NaCl one”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf weight was 11% higher with NaCl + CaCl2 irrigation water than with NaCl
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Organ / stage
- leafe4
- Treatment
- NaCl + CaCl2e4
- Outcome
- weighte4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 11e4
- Comparator
- NaCle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e4“The plant height, the leaf and the bulb weight were, respectively, 6, 11 and 21% higher in NaCl + CaCl2 treatment as compared to NaCl one”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb weight was 21% higher with NaCl + CaCl2 irrigation water than with NaCl
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Organ / stage
- bulbe4
- Treatment
- NaCl + CaCl2e4
- Outcome
- weighte4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 21%e4
- Comparator
- NaCle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e4“The plant height, the leaf and the bulb weight were, respectively, 6, 11 and 21% higher in NaCl + CaCl2 treatment as compared to NaCl one”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height dropped by 33% when salinity rose from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- shifting from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1 salinitye5
- Outcome
- plant heighte5
- Direction
- droppede5
- Value
- 33e5
- Comparator
- 0.7e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e5“The plant height, the leaf and the bulb weight dropped, respectively, by 33, 49 and 71%, shifting from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1 salinity treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf weight dropped by 49% when salinity rose from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Organ / stage
- leafe5
- Treatment
- shifting from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1 salinitye5
- Outcome
- weighte5
- Direction
- droppede5
- Value
- 49e5
- Comparator
- 0.7e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e5“The plant height, the leaf and the bulb weight dropped, respectively, by 33, 49 and 71%, shifting from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1 salinity treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb weight dropped by 71% when salinity rose from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Organ / stage
- bulbe5
- Treatment
- shifting from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1 salinitye5
- Outcome
- weighte5
- Direction
- droppede5
- Value
- 71%e5
- Comparator
- 0.7e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e5“The plant height, the leaf and the bulb weight dropped, respectively, by 33, 49 and 71%, shifting from 0.7 to 12 dS m−1 salinity treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf dry matter increased by 15% from the control to the more saline treatment
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- more saline treatmente6
- Outcome
- dry mattere6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 15e6
- Comparator
- the controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e6“shifting from the control to the more saline treatment, the leaves and the bulbs dry matter increased, respectively, by 15 and 13%, and total soluble solids increased by 17%”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb dry matter increased by 13% from the control to the more saline treatment
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Organ / stage
- bulbse6
- Treatment
- more saline treatmente6
- Outcome
- dry mattere6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 13%e6
- Comparator
- the controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e6“shifting from the control to the more saline treatment, the leaves and the bulbs dry matter increased, respectively, by 15 and 13%, and total soluble solids increased by 17%”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soluble solids increased by 17% from the control to the more saline treatment
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- more saline treatmente6
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 17%e6
- Comparator
- the controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e6“shifting from the control to the more saline treatment, the leaves and the bulbs dry matter increased, respectively, by 15 and 13%, and total soluble solids increased by 17%”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity favoured the production of flattened fennel bulbs
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- the increase in salinitye7
- Outcome
- production of flattened bulbse7
- Direction
- favourede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e7“the increase in salinity favoured the production of flattened bulbs”
Claim · model-written summary
The Maas and Hoffman model confirms that fennel is a moderately salt sensitive species
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Outcome
- ranking of this species among moderately salt sensitive speciese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e2“The application of the Maas and Hoffman model to salinity response confirms the ranking of this species among moderately salt sensitive species”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical salinity threshold of fennel is 1.26 dS m−1 for both NaCl and NaCl + CaCl2 treatments
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Outcome
- critical thresholde2
- Value
- 1.26 dS m−1e2
- Qualifier
- the same for NaCl and NaCl + CaCl2 treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e2“the critical threshold was the same for NaCl and NaCl + CaCl2 treatments (1.26 dS m−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity response slope of fennel is higher with NaCl (14.24% m dS−1) than with NaCl + CaCl2 (10.39% m dS−1)
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente2
- Outcome
- slopee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 14.24% m dS−1e2
- Qualifier
- 10.39% m dS−1e2
- Comparator
- NaCl + CaCl2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the effect of water quality on yield and quality of fennel”
e2“the slope was higher in NaCl treatment (14.24% m dS−1) than NaCl + CaCl2 (10.39% m dS−1)”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Anethum foeniculum (fennel)Positive and negative results
9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.