Abstract
Clove oil, cinnamon oil, and five essential oil components (citral, eugenol, geraniol, limonene, and linalool) were tested for growth inhibition of 14 phytopathogenic fungi. Citral completely inhibited the growth of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum, and Phoma sorghina in paper disc agar diffusion assays. Cinnamon oil, citral, and clove oil as low as 0.01% (vol/vol) inhibited the spore germination of Cercospora arachidicola, Phaeoisariopsis personata, and Puccinia arachidis by >90% in vitro. Limonene and linalool were observed to be the least antifungal against the test fungi and were not used in further studies. Clove oil (1% vol/vol) applied as a foliar spray 10 min before Phaeoisariopsis personata inoculation reduced the severity of late leaf spot of peanut up to 58% when challenge inoculated with 10 4 conidia ml -1 . This treatment was more effective (P = 0.01) than 0.5% (vol/vol) citral, cinnamon oil, or clove oil and 1% (vol/vol) eugenol or geraniol. Seed treatment with the test compounds had no effect on the incidence of crown rot in peanut in Aspergillus niger-infested soil. However, soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oil and cinnamon oil reduced the preemergence rotting by 71 and 67% and postemergence wilting by 58 and 55%, respectively, compared with the nontreated control. These two treatments were more effective (P < 0.01) than geraniol on preemergence rotting, and more effective than citral, eugenol, and geraniol on postemergence wilting. All treatments significantly outperformed the nontreated control but none were as effective as thiram treatment.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Citral completely inhibited the growth of six phytopathogenic fungi, including Alternaria alternata, in paper disc agar diffusion assays.
- Taxon
- Peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Citrale0
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternata
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Alternaria alternatae0pathogen - Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e0“Citral completely inhibited the growth of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum, and Phoma sorghina in paper disc agar diffusion assays”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamon oil as low as 0.01% (vol/vol) inhibited spore germination of Cercospora arachidicola by more than 90% in vitro.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Cinnamon oile1
- Interactor
- Cercospora arachidicolaMycosphaerella arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- >90%e1
- Qualifier
- as low as 0.01% (vol/vol)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e1“Cinnamon oil, citral, and clove oil as low as 0.01% (vol/vol) inhibited the spore germination of Cercospora arachidicola, Phaeoisariopsis personata, and Puccinia arachidis by >90% in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Citral as low as 0.01% (vol/vol) inhibited spore germination of Cercospora arachidicola by more than 90% in vitro.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- citrale1
- Interactor
- Cercospora arachidicolaMycosphaerella arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- >90%e1
- Qualifier
- as low as 0.01% (vol/vol)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e1“Cinnamon oil, citral, and clove oil as low as 0.01% (vol/vol) inhibited the spore germination of Cercospora arachidicola, Phaeoisariopsis personata, and Puccinia arachidis by >90% in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove oil as low as 0.01% (vol/vol) inhibited spore germination of Cercospora arachidicola by more than 90% in vitro.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- clove oile1
- Interactor
- Cercospora arachidicolaMycosphaerella arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- >90%e1
- Qualifier
- as low as 0.01% (vol/vol)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e1“Cinnamon oil, citral, and clove oil as low as 0.01% (vol/vol) inhibited the spore germination of Cercospora arachidicola, Phaeoisariopsis personata, and Puccinia arachidis by >90% in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove oil at 1% (vol/vol) applied as a foliar spray reduced late leaf spot severity in peanut by up to 58%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- Clove oil (1% vol/vol) applied as a foliar spraye2
- Interactor
- Phaeoisariopsis personataNothopassalora personatae2pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of late leaf spote2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- up to 58%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e2“Clove oil (1% vol/vol) applied as a foliar spray 10 min before Phaeoisariopsis personata inoculation reduced the severity of late leaf spot of peanut up to 58%”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1% clove oil foliar spray was more effective than 0.5% citral, cinnamon oil or clove oil and 1% eugenol or geraniol.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- Clove oil (1% vol/vol) applied as a foliar spraye2
- Outcome
- more effectivee3
- Direction
- more effectivee3
- Qualifier
- P = 0.01e3
- Comparator
- 0.5% (vol/vol) citrale3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e2“Clove oil (1% vol/vol) applied as a foliar spray 10 min before Phaeoisariopsis personata inoculation reduced the severity of late leaf spot of peanut up to 58%”
e3“This treatment was more effective (P = 0.01) than 0.5% (vol/vol) citral, cinnamon oil, or clove oil and 1% (vol/vol) eugenol or geraniol”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with the test compounds had no effect on the incidence of crown rot in peanut in Aspergillus niger-infested soil.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae4
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with the test compoundse4
- Interactor
- Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus nigere4pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of crown rote4
- Direction
- no effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e4“Seed treatment with the test compounds had no effect on the incidence of crown rot in peanut in Aspergillus niger-infested soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oil reduced preemergence rotting of peanut by 71% compared with the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oile5
- Outcome
- preemergence rottinge5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 71e5
- Comparator
- nontreated controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e5“soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oil and cinnamon oil reduced the preemergence rotting by 71 and 67% and postemergence wilting by 58 and 55%”
e6“compared with the nontreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendment with cinnamon oil reduced preemergence rotting of peanut by 67% compared with the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- cinnamon oile5
- Outcome
- preemergence rottinge5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 67%e5
- Qualifier
- 0.25% (vol/wt)e5
- Comparator
- nontreated controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e5“soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oil and cinnamon oil reduced the preemergence rotting by 71 and 67% and postemergence wilting by 58 and 55%”
e6“compared with the nontreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oil reduced postemergence wilting of peanut by 58% compared with the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oile5
- Outcome
- postemergence wiltinge5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 58e5
- Comparator
- nontreated controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e5“soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oil and cinnamon oil reduced the preemergence rotting by 71 and 67% and postemergence wilting by 58 and 55%”
e6“compared with the nontreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendment with cinnamon oil reduced postemergence wilting of peanut by 55% compared with the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- cinnamon oile5
- Outcome
- postemergence wiltinge5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 55%e5
- Qualifier
- 0.25% (vol/wt)e5
- Comparator
- nontreated controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e5“soil amendment with 0.25% (vol/wt) clove oil and cinnamon oil reduced the preemergence rotting by 71 and 67% and postemergence wilting by 58 and 55%”
e6“compared with the nontreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly outperformed the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse7
- Outcome
- outperformede7
- Direction
- outperformede7
- Comparator
- nontreated controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e7“All treatments significantly outperformed the nontreated control but none were as effective as thiram treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
No treatment was as effective as thiram.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse7
- Outcome
- effectivee7
- Direction
- none were as effectivee7
- Comparator
- thiram treatmente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e7“All treatments significantly outperformed the nontreated control but none were as effective as thiram treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Limonene and linalool were the least antifungal of the tested essential oil components.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Limonene and linaloole1
- Outcome
- least antifungale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Leaf Spot and Crown Rot Diseases in Peanut”
e1“Limonene and linalool were observed to be the least antifungal against the test fungi”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · Aspergillus niger · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · Nothopassalora personata · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.