Abstract
Abstract Defoliation treatments on 2, 4, 8, and 16 whole canes per vine corresponding to an average defoliation intensity (DI) of 5.5, 10.2, 24.4, and 48.7% were carried out on kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines with the same bud load and fruit number. Negative effects on fruit weight and concentration of soluble solids were recorded beginning at 24.4% DI. In comparison to undefoliated canes, the defoliated ones showed lower fruit weight from 10.2% DI and higher fruit drop from 24.4% DI. In the year following defoliation treatments, budburst was reduced at 24.4% DI, whereas differences between defoliated and undefoliated canes appeared at 48.7% DI. The percentage of fruiting shoots was reduced in comparison to the control, starting at 24.4% DI, but the differences between defoliated and undefoliated canes started at 10.2% DI. When there was an abundant supply of assimilates, translocation to fruits on defoliated canes occurred without limitations. When the availability of assimilates was reduced, the defoliated canes showed reduction of fruit weight, budburst, and flower differentiation more than the undefoliated ones. Therefore, in canopies with a large availability of assimilates, fruit position is not critical even if the leaf‐fruit ratio is lower than the vine average, with no negative effects on fruit weight, quality, and return bloom. In conditions of limited supply of assimilates, it is important to have the sink close to the source. Flower differentiation is sensitive to a lack of assimilates and to distance from source, but this draw‐back can be reduced by utilising replacement canes with a favourable source‐sink ratio.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation intensity of 24.4% or more had negative effects on kiwifruit fruit weight and soluble solids concentration.
- Taxon
- kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosat0 - Treatment
- defoliation intensitye0
- Outcome
- fruit weight and concentration of soluble solidse1
- Direction
- Negative effectse1
- Value
- 24.4% DIe1
- Comparator
- undefoliated canese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e0“corresponding to an average defoliation intensity (DI) of 5.5, 10.2, 24.4, and 48.7%”
e1“Negative effects on fruit weight and concentration of soluble solids were recorded beginning at 24.4% DI”
e2“In comparison to undefoliated canes, the defoliated ones showed lower fruit weight from 10.2% DI and higher fruit drop from 24.4% DI”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliated kiwifruit canes had lower fruit weight from 10.2% DI than undefoliated canes.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- defoliated onese2
- Outcome
- fruit weighte2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 10.2% DIe2
- Comparator
- undefoliated canese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e2“In comparison to undefoliated canes, the defoliated ones showed lower fruit weight from 10.2% DI and higher fruit drop from 24.4% DI”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliated kiwifruit canes had higher fruit drop from 24.4% DI than undefoliated canes.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- defoliated onese2
- Outcome
- fruit drope2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 24.4% DIe2
- Comparator
- undefoliated canese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e2“In comparison to undefoliated canes, the defoliated ones showed lower fruit weight from 10.2% DI and higher fruit drop from 24.4% DI”
Claim · model-written summary
In the year after defoliation, budburst of kiwifruit was reduced at 24.4% DI.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- defoliation treatmentse3
- Outcome
- budburste3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 24.4% DIe3
- Qualifier
- In the year following defoliation treatmentse3
- Comparator
- undefoliated canese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e3“In the year following defoliation treatments, budburst was reduced at 24.4% DI, whereas differences between defoliated and undefoliated canes appeared at 48.7% DI”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in budburst between defoliated and undefoliated kiwifruit canes appeared at 48.7% DI.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- defoliation treatmentse3
- Outcome
- budburste3
- Value
- 48.7% DIe3
- Comparator
- undefoliated canese3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e3“In the year following defoliation treatments, budburst was reduced at 24.4% DI, whereas differences between defoliated and undefoliated canes appeared at 48.7% DI”
Claim · model-written summary
Percentage of fruiting shoots of kiwifruit was reduced compared with control from 24.4% DI.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- defoliatede4
- Outcome
- percentage of fruiting shootse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 24.4% DIe4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e4“The percentage of fruiting shoots was reduced in comparison to the control, starting at 24.4% DI, but the differences between defoliated and undefoliated canes started at 10.2% DI”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences between defoliated and undefoliated kiwifruit canes started at 10.2% DI.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- defoliatede4
- Outcome
- differences between defoliated and undefoliated canese4
- Value
- 10.2% DIe4
- Comparator
- undefoliated canese4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e4“The percentage of fruiting shoots was reduced in comparison to the control, starting at 24.4% DI, but the differences between defoliated and undefoliated canes started at 10.2% DI”
Claim · model-written summary
With abundant assimilate supply, translocation to fruits on defoliated kiwifruit canes occurred without limitations.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- abundant supply of assimilatese5
- Outcome
- translocation to fruitse5
- Direction
- without limitationse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e5“When there was an abundant supply of assimilates, translocation to fruits on defoliated canes occurred without limitations”
Claim · model-written summary
With reduced assimilate availability, defoliated kiwifruit canes showed more reduction of fruit weight, budburst and flower differentiation than undefoliated ones.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- availability of assimilates was reducede6
- Outcome
- fruit weight, budburst, and flower differentiatione6
- Direction
- reductione6
- Comparator
- the undefoliated onese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e6“When the availability of assimilates was reduced, the defoliated canes showed reduction of fruit weight, budburst, and flower differentiation more than the undefoliated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
In canopies with large assimilate availability, defoliation had no negative effects on kiwifruit fruit weight, quality and return bloom.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- large availability of assimilatese7
- Outcome
- fruit weight, quality, and return bloome6
- Direction
- no negative effectse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e7“in canopies with a large availability of assimilates, fruit position is not critical”
e6“with no negative effects on fruit weight, quality, and return bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
In canopies with large assimilate availability, fruit position is not critical in kiwifruit even when the leaf-fruit ratio is lower than the vine average.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- large availability of assimilatese7
- Outcome
- fruit positione7
- Direction
- not criticale7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e7“in canopies with a large availability of assimilates, fruit position is not critical”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower differentiation in kiwifruit is sensitive to a lack of assimilates and to distance from the source.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- lack of assimilatese5
- Outcome
- Flower differentiatione5
- Direction
- sensitivee5
- Qualifier
- distance from sourcee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e5“Flower differentiation is sensitive to a lack of assimilates and to distance from source”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacement canes with a favourable source-sink ratio can reduce the flower differentiation drawback in kiwifruit (author recommendation).
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- replacement canese4
- Outcome
- Flower differentiatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of assimilate availability on translocation and sink strength in kiwifruit”
e5“Flower differentiation is sensitive to a lack of assimilates and to distance from source”
e4“can be reduced by utilising replacement canes”
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