Abstract
The involvement of ethylene and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) in shade‐induced kernel abortion at an early kernel growth stage was investigated. Changes in levels of glucose, sucrose, starch, ACC and ethylene were measured during the first 6 days after pollination (DAP) at sampling intervals of 12 or 24 h. In response to shading treatment, dry weight accumulation of apical kernels ceased within 96 h after pollination (HAP). Glucose levels in shaded kernels 12 HAP were significantly higher than in control kernels, while sucrose and starch levels were similar until 48 HAP. In the shade treatment ACC and ethylene levels increased rapidly around 24 HAP in both apical and basal kernels. When ACC was applied to ears at 32 HAP and 5 DAP, dry weight accumulation was significantly reduced only in apical kernels of 32 HAP. Significant reduction in endosperm nuclei number was also found in both shaded and ACC‐treated kernels. The results of the present study suggest that ethylene may be involved in the processes leading to kernel abortion in maize. Kernels at the very early developmental stages seem to be most sensitive to ethylene.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Shading stopped apical kernel dry weight accumulation within 96 hours after pollination.
- Organ / stage
- apical kernelse0
- Treatment
- shading treatmente0
- Outcome
- dry weight accumulatione0
- Direction
- ceasede0
- Qualifier
- within 96 h after pollination (HAP)e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“In response to shading treatment, dry weight accumulation of apical kernels ceased within 96 h after pollination (HAP).”
Claim · model-written summary
At 12 hours after pollination, shaded kernels had significantly higher glucose than controls.
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Treatment
- shadede0
- Outcome
- Glucose levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 12 HAPe0
- Comparator
- control kernelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“Glucose levels in shaded kernels 12 HAP were significantly higher than in control kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose levels remained similar between shaded and control kernels until 48 hours after pollination.
- Treatment
- shadede0
- Outcome
- sucrosee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- until 48 HAPe0
- Comparator
- control kernelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“Glucose levels in shaded kernels 12 HAP were significantly higher than in control kernels, while sucrose and starch levels were similar until 48 HAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch levels remained similar between shaded and control kernels until 48 hours after pollination.
- Treatment
- shadede0
- Outcome
- starch levelse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- until 48 HAPe0
- Comparator
- control kernelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“Glucose levels in shaded kernels 12 HAP were significantly higher than in control kernels, while sucrose and starch levels were similar until 48 HAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading rapidly increased ACC levels around 24 hours after pollination in apical and basal kernels.
- Organ / stage
- apical and basal kernelse0
- Treatment
- shade treatmente0
- Outcome
- ACCe0
- Direction
- increased rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- around 24 HAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“In the shade treatment ACC and ethylene levels increased rapidly around 24 HAP in both apical and basal kernels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading rapidly increased ethylene levels around 24 hours after pollination in apical and basal kernels.
- Organ / stage
- apical and basal kernelse0
- Treatment
- shade treatmente0
- Outcome
- ethylene levelse0
- Direction
- increased rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- around 24 HAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“In the shade treatment ACC and ethylene levels increased rapidly around 24 HAP in both apical and basal kernels.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC application significantly reduced dry weight accumulation only in apical kernels treated at 32 hours after pollination.
- Organ / stage
- apical kernelse0
- Treatment
- ACC was applied to earse0
- Outcome
- dry weight accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 32 HAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“When ACC was applied to ears at 32 HAP and 5 DAP, dry weight accumulation was significantly reduced only in apical kernels of 32 HAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly reduced kernel endosperm nuclei number.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“Significant reduction in endosperm nuclei number was also found in both shaded and ACC‐treated kernels.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment significantly reduced kernel endosperm nuclei number.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“Significant reduction in endosperm nuclei number was also found in both shaded and ACC‐treated kernels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene may contribute to maize kernel abortion, with very early kernels appearing most sensitive.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize caryopsis”
e0“ethylene may be involved in the processes leading to kernel abortion in maize. Kernels at the very early developmental stages seem to be most sensitive to ethylene.”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.