Abstract
Stagnation in grain production in the developing world has contributed to the current worldwide food crisis. The principle objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of improving grain production in the tropical humid region by chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) in rotation with wheat ( Triticum aestivum L). A 3‐yr field experiment in Kenya included four short‐rain‐season (SRS) management practices (chickpea green manure [GM], mature chickpea grain crop [CG], tilled fallow [TF], and weedy fallow [WF]), and inorganic N fertilizer at three rates (0, 30, and 60 kg N ha −1 ). The chickpea treatments decreased SRS water storage at wheat planting by 14 to 16% compared with TF, but this did not affect yield of subsequent wheat. The GM accumulated 77 kg N ha −1 yr −1 , compared with 42 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for the CG. The chickpea treatments increased soil available N by 19% and N uptake by wheat by 39% compared with the fallow methods. Inorganic N applications of 60 kg N ha −1 increased soil‐available N at 30 d after sowing by 21.4% and N uptake by wheat by 47%. The CG and GM increased the average annual wheat grain yield by 14 and 31% compared with the WF and TF. Inorganic N applications of 30 and 60 kg N ha −1 increased wheat grain yield by 20 and 7%, respectively. The combination of GM with 30 kg N ha −1 gave the highest wheat grain yield, but CG with 30 kg N ha −1 fertilizer was the most profitable practice.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea treatments decreased short-rain-season water storage at wheat planting by 14 to 16% compared with tilled fallow.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- chickpea treatmentse0
- Outcome
- SRS water storage at wheat plantinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 14 to 16%e0
- Comparator
- TFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chickpea treatments decreased SRS water storage at wheat planting by 14 to 16% compared with TF”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea-induced decrease in water storage did not affect the yield of subsequent wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- chickpea treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yield of subsequent wheate0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- TFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chickpea treatments decreased SRS water storage at wheat planting by 14 to 16% compared with TF, but this did not affect yield of subsequent wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea green manure accumulated 77 kg N per ha per year compared with 42 kg N per ha per year for the chickpea grain crop.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- accumulatede1
- Value
- 77 kg N ha −1 yr −1e1
- Qualifier
- 42 kg N ha −1 yr −1e1
- Comparator
- CGe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“The GM accumulated 77 kg N ha −1 yr −1 , compared with 42 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for the CG”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea treatments increased soil available N by 19% compared with fallow methods.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chickpea treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil available Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- fallow methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chickpea treatments increased soil available N by 19% and N uptake by wheat by 39% compared with the fallow methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea treatments increased N uptake by wheat by 39% compared with fallow methods.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chickpea treatmentse0
- Outcome
- N uptake by wheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Comparator
- fallow methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chickpea treatments increased soil available N by 19% and N uptake by wheat by 39% compared with the fallow methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic N application of 60 kg N per ha increased soil available N at 30 d after sowing by 21.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inorganic N applications of 60 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- soil‐available N at 30 d after sowinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inorganic N applications of 60 kg N ha −1 increased soil‐available N at 30 d after sowing by 21.4% and N uptake by wheat by 47%”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic N application of 60 kg N per ha increased N uptake by wheat by 47%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inorganic N applications of 60 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- N uptake by wheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inorganic N applications of 60 kg N ha −1 increased soil‐available N at 30 d after sowing by 21.4% and N uptake by wheat by 47%”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea grain crop increased average annual wheat grain yield by 14% compared with weedy and tilled fallow.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CGe0
- Outcome
- average annual wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14e0
- Comparator
- the WF and TFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CG and GM increased the average annual wheat grain yield by 14 and 31% compared with the WF and TF”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea green manure increased average annual wheat grain yield by 31% compared with weedy and tilled fallow.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- GMe0
- Outcome
- average annual wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Comparator
- the WF and TFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CG and GM increased the average annual wheat grain yield by 14 and 31% compared with the WF and TF”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic N at 30 kg N per ha increased wheat grain yield by 20%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inorganic N applications of 30e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inorganic N applications of 30 and 60 kg N ha −1 increased wheat grain yield by 20 and 7%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic N at 60 kg N per ha increased wheat grain yield by 7%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inorganic N applications of 30 and 60 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inorganic N applications of 30 and 60 kg N ha −1 increased wheat grain yield by 20 and 7%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining chickpea green manure with 30 kg N per ha gave the highest wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combination of GM with 30 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of GM with 30 kg N ha −1 gave the highest wheat grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea grain crop with 30 kg N per ha fertilizer was the most profitable practice.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- most profitable practicee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“CG with 30 kg N ha −1 fertilizer was the most profitable practice”
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See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.