Abstract
Grain yields of dryland winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are affected by cropping system and tillage. A study was conducted at Garden City, KS, in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effect of cropping system and tillage on soil water, yield components, and grain yield of these crops. Cropping systems compared were wheat‐fallow (WF), sorghum‐fallow (SF), wheat‐sorghum‐fallow (WSF), continuous sorghum (SS), and continuous wheat (WW). Conventional (CT) and no‐tillage (NT) were compared in all but the SF and SS systems, which were CT. Wheat‐fallow and WSF yielded more than WW in both years and WF yielded more than WSF in 1989. No‐tillage increased the yield of WF and WSF in 1989, but cold temperatures reduced the number of spikes per square foot and yield of WSF‐NT in 1990. Tillage did not affect WW yields. Sorghum‐fallow and WSF yielded more than SS in both years. Sorghum‐fallow yielded less than WSF in 1989 because of lack of maturity before frost. Tillage did not affect WSF yield. Yield increases of both crops were often accompanied by improved water‐use‐efficiencies. Yield components most responsible for variations in yield were the number of spikes per square foot and kernels per spike for wheat, and the number of kernels per panicle and kernel weight for grain sorghum. Soil water at wheat planting affected spikes per square foot in both years and kernels per spike and yield in 1989. Soil water at sorghum planting affected kernels per panicle, kernel weight, and yield in 1990. Thus, water‐conserving practices, such as fallow and no‐tillage, improve water storage and use, resulting in increases in yield components and grain yield of grain sorghum and wheat.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat-fallow and wheat-sorghum-fallow yielded more than continuous wheat in both years.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Wheat‐fallow and WSFe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- WWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat‐fallow and WSF yielded more than WW in both years and WF yielded more than WSF in 1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat-fallow yielded more than wheat-sorghum-fallow in 1989.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- WFe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- WSFe0
- Setting
- in 1989e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat‐fallow and WSF yielded more than WW in both years and WF yielded more than WSF in 1989”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage increased winter wheat yield in wheat-fallow and wheat-sorghum-fallow in 1989 relative to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- No‐tillagee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- Conventional (CT)e2
- Setting
- in 1989e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of dryland winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are affected by cropping system and tillage”
e1“No‐tillage increased the yield of WF and WSF in 1989”
e2“Conventional (CT) and no‐tillage (NT) were compared in all but the SF and SS systems, which were CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold temperatures reduced the number of spikes per square foot and the yield of wheat-sorghum-fallow with no-tillage in 1990.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- cold temperaturese1
- Outcome
- number of spikes per square foote1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- yield of WSF‐NTe1
- Setting
- in 1990e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of dryland winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are affected by cropping system and tillage”
e1“cold temperatures reduced the number of spikes per square foot and yield of WSF‐NT in 1990”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not affect continuous wheat yields.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Tillagee1
- Outcome
- WW yieldse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of dryland winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are affected by cropping system and tillage”
e1“Tillage did not affect WW yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum-fallow and wheat-sorghum-fallow yielded more than continuous sorghum in both years.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum‐fallow and WSF yielded more than SS in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum-fallow yielded less than wheat-sorghum-fallow in 1989 because of lack of maturity before frost.
- Treatment
- Sorghum‐fallowe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- because of lack of maturity before froste0
- Comparator
- WSFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum‐fallow yielded less than WSF in 1989 because of lack of maturity before frost”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not affect wheat-sorghum-fallow yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Tillagee1
- Outcome
- WSF yielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of dryland winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are affected by cropping system and tillage”
e1“Tillage did not affect WSF yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increases of both crops were often accompanied by improved water-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- water‐use‐efficienciese1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- Yield increases of both cropse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of dryland winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are affected by cropping system and tillage”
e1“Yield increases of both crops were often accompanied by improved water‐use‐efficiencies”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikes per square foot and kernels per spike were the yield components most responsible for yield variation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- number of spikes per square foot and kernels per spikee0
- Qualifier
- most responsible for variations in yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield components most responsible for variations in yield were the number of spikes per square foot and kernels per spike for wheat, and the number of kernels per panicle and kernel weight for grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernels per panicle and kernel weight were the yield components most responsible for yield variation in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Outcome
- number of kernels per panicle and kernel weighte0
- Qualifier
- most responsible for variations in yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield components most responsible for variations in yield were the number of spikes per square foot and kernels per spike for wheat, and the number of kernels per panicle and kernel weight for grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water at wheat planting affected the number of spikes per square foot in both years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Soil water at wheat plantinge0
- Outcome
- spikes per square foote0
- Setting
- in both yearse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil water at wheat planting affected spikes per square foot in both years and kernels per spike and yield in 1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water at wheat planting affected kernels per spike and yield in 1989.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Soil water at wheat plantinge0
- Outcome
- kernels per spike and yielde0
- Setting
- in 1989e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil water at wheat planting affected spikes per square foot in both years and kernels per spike and yield in 1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water at sorghum planting affected kernels per panicle, kernel weight and yield in 1990.
- Treatment
- Soil water at sorghum plantinge0
- Outcome
- kernels per panicle, kernel weight, and yielde0
- Setting
- in 1990e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil water at sorghum planting affected kernels per panicle, kernel weight, and yield in 1990”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-conserving practices such as fallow and no-tillage increased yield components and grain yield of grain sorghum and wheat, through improved water storage and use.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- water‐conserving practices, such as fallow and no‐tillagee0
- Outcome
- yield components and grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water‐conserving practices, such as fallow and no‐tillage, improve water storage and use, resulting in increases in yield components and grain yield of grain sorghum and wheat”
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