Abstract
Abstract Water table control‐subiriggation (WTC) systems have increased crop production and improved water quality; however, the relationship between N management, water table depths, and corn production has not been well defined. We hypothesized that optimizing water table depth would increase corn ( Zea mays L.) growth, improve N fertilizer efficiency, and reduce NO ‐ 3 losses. A greenhouse incubation study with three water table depths (30, 60, and 80 cm) and four N rates (0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 g N plant ‐1 ) was conducted using undisturbed soil columns (Fox sandy loam, Typic Hapludalf) planted to corn. The 30‐cm WTC treatment had the greatest NO ‐ 3 loss through tile drainage (715 µg N column ‐1 ). The 60‐cm WTC treatment reduced these losses by 54%. Nitrate losses through tile drainage were proportional to drainage volume, which followed the order 30 cm > 60 cm > 80 cm WTC. The 60‐cm WTC treatment increased crop yields (95 g plant ‐1 ) compared with the 30‐cm (68 g plant ‐1 ) and 80‐cm WTC (18 g plant ‐1 ) treatments at the optimal N rate of 1.4 g N plant ‐1 . After the first simulated rainfall event, N 2 O production was increased by 12.7 times with the 30‐cm WTC treatment (825 µg N column ‐1 d ‐1 ) compared with the 60‐ and 80‐cm WTC treatments. Water stress imposed by the 80‐cm WTC treatment limited crop growth, N uptake, leaching, and N 2 O emissions. However, up to 28% of added N (664 mg N column ‐1 ) remained in the soil after corn was harvested from the 80‐cm WTC treatment, which would be susceptible to leaching between cropping seasons.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The 30-cm WTC treatment had the greatest drainage nitrate loss, 715 µg N column ‐1.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- 30‐cm WTC treatmente0
- Outcome
- NO ‐ 3 loss through tile drainagee0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 715 µg N column ‐1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 30‐cm WTC treatment had the greatest NO ‐ 3 loss through tile drainage (715 µg N column ‐1 )”
e1“planted to corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60-cm WTC treatment reduced nitrate loss by 54% relative to 30 cm.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- 60‐cm WTC treatmente0
- Outcome
- NO ‐ 3 loss through tile drainagee1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 54%e0
- Comparator
- 30‐cm WTC treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 60‐cm WTC treatment reduced these losses by 54%.”
e1“The 30‐cm WTC treatment had the greatest NO ‐ 3 loss through tile drainage”
e2“planted to corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate drainage loss tracked drainage volume in the order 30 > 60 > 80 cm WTC.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 30 cm > 60 cm > 80 cm WTCe0
- Outcome
- Nitrate losses through tile drainagee0
- Qualifier
- proportional to drainage volumee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate losses through tile drainage were proportional to drainage volume, which followed the order 30 cm > 60 cm > 80 cm WTC”
e1“planted to corn”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.4 g N plant-1, 60-cm WTC increased corn yield to 95 g plant-1, versus 68 and 18 g plant-1 at 30 and 80 cm.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 60‐cm WTC treatmente0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 95 g plant ‐1e0
- Qualifier
- 68 g plant ‐1e0
- Comparator
- 30‐cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 60‐cm WTC treatment increased crop yields (95 g plant ‐1 ) compared with the 30‐cm (68 g plant ‐1 ) and 80‐cm WTC (18 g plant ‐1 ) treatments at the optimal N rate of 1.4 g N plant ‐1”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
After first simulated rain, 30-cm WTC increased N2O production 12.7-fold versus 60 and 80 cm.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 30‐cm WTC treatmente0
- Outcome
- N 2 O productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.7 timese0
- Qualifier
- 825 µg N column ‐1 d ‐1e0
- Comparator
- 60‐ and 80‐cm WTC treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the first simulated rainfall event, N 2 O production was increased by 12.7 times with the 30‐cm WTC treatment (825 µg N column ‐1 d ‐1 ) compared with the 60‐ and 80‐cm WTC treatments”
e1“planted to corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress from 80-cm WTC limited crop growth and nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 80‐cm WTC treatmente0
- Outcome
- crop growth, N uptakee0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress imposed by the 80‐cm WTC treatment limited crop growth, N uptake”
e1“planted to corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress from 80-cm WTC limited leaching and N2O emissions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 80‐cm WTC treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaching, and N 2 O emissionse0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress imposed by the 80‐cm WTC treatment limited crop growth, N uptake, leaching, and N 2 O emissions”
e1“planted to corn”
Claim · model-written summary
As much as 28% of added N remained in soil after 80-cm WTC corn harvest.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 80‐cm WTC treatmente0
- Outcome
- remained in the soile0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Qualifier
- 664 mg N column ‐1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up to 28% of added N (664 mg N column ‐1 ) remained in the soil after corn was harvested from the 80‐cm WTC treatment”
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