Abstract
Sodium as the acetate was added to irrigation waters to study the effects of higher Na levels in water and soils upon cotton fruiting and shedding, growth, and yields. One Acala variety (1517D) and one American Pima variety (Pima S-2) were included in the 2-year study, conducted in outdoor lysimeters. Boll and fiber properties were also examined. Virtually all effects of added sodium (increased from 58 percent in the water to 71 and 80 percent) were undesirable, and most of these adverse effects were highly significant. They included: (1) reductions in growth and yields, (2) increases in square and boll shed, (3) reductions in numbers of fruiting forms initiated, (4) decreases in weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per boll, and (5) decreases in fiber length, strength, and micronaire. A reddish leaf mottling of older leaves was a visible characteristic of high Na. Under field conditions the adverse effects of Na reported herein may be offset by the balancing effects of other ions. However, in light of this study, sodium must be considered to have specific toxic effects on cotton in addition to its osmotic influence. The effect on fiber properties is of particular significance.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Added sodium caused reductions in cotton growth.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- HIGH SODIUMt0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They included: (1) reductions in growth and yields, (2) increases in square and boll shed, (3) reductions in numbers of fruiting forms initiated, (4) decreases in weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per boll, and (5) decreases in fiber length, strength, and micronaire”
t0“THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH SODIUM IN SOILS UPON FRUITING AND SHEDDING, BOLL CHARACTERISTICS, FIBER PROPERTIES, AND YIELDS OF TWO COTTON SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Added sodium caused reductions in cotton yields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- HIGH SODIUMt0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They included: (1) reductions in growth and yields, (2) increases in square and boll shed, (3) reductions in numbers of fruiting forms initiated, (4) decreases in weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per boll, and (5) decreases in fiber length, strength, and micronaire”
t0“THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH SODIUM IN SOILS UPON FRUITING AND SHEDDING, BOLL CHARACTERISTICS, FIBER PROPERTIES, AND YIELDS OF TWO COTTON SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Added sodium caused increases in cotton square and boll shed.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- HIGH SODIUMt0
- Outcome
- square and boll shede0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They included: (1) reductions in growth and yields, (2) increases in square and boll shed, (3) reductions in numbers of fruiting forms initiated, (4) decreases in weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per boll, and (5) decreases in fiber length, strength, and micronaire”
t0“THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH SODIUM IN SOILS UPON FRUITING AND SHEDDING, BOLL CHARACTERISTICS, FIBER PROPERTIES, AND YIELDS OF TWO COTTON SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Added sodium caused reductions in cotton numbers of fruiting forms initiated.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- HIGH SODIUMt0
- Outcome
- numbers of fruiting forms initiatede0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They included: (1) reductions in growth and yields, (2) increases in square and boll shed, (3) reductions in numbers of fruiting forms initiated, (4) decreases in weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per boll, and (5) decreases in fiber length, strength, and micronaire”
t0“THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH SODIUM IN SOILS UPON FRUITING AND SHEDDING, BOLL CHARACTERISTICS, FIBER PROPERTIES, AND YIELDS OF TWO COTTON SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Added sodium caused decreases in cotton weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per boll.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- HIGH SODIUMt0
- Outcome
- weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per bolle0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They included: (1) reductions in growth and yields, (2) increases in square and boll shed, (3) reductions in numbers of fruiting forms initiated, (4) decreases in weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per boll, and (5) decreases in fiber length, strength, and micronaire”
t0“THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH SODIUM IN SOILS UPON FRUITING AND SHEDDING, BOLL CHARACTERISTICS, FIBER PROPERTIES, AND YIELDS OF TWO COTTON SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
Added sodium caused decreases in cotton fiber length, strength, and micronaire.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- HIGH SODIUMt0
- Outcome
- fiber length, strength, and micronairee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They included: (1) reductions in growth and yields, (2) increases in square and boll shed, (3) reductions in numbers of fruiting forms initiated, (4) decreases in weights of seed cotton, seed, and lint per boll, and (5) decreases in fiber length, strength, and micronaire”
t0“THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH SODIUM IN SOILS UPON FRUITING AND SHEDDING, BOLL CHARACTERISTICS, FIBER PROPERTIES, AND YIELDS OF TWO COTTON SPECIES”
Claim · model-written summary
High sodium caused reddish mottling of older cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- older leavese0
- Treatment
- high Nae0
- Outcome
- reddish leaf mottlinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A reddish leaf mottling of older leaves was a visible characteristic of high Na”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium was interpreted as specifically toxic to cotton beyond its osmotic influence.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- sodiume0
- Outcome
- specific toxic effectse0
- Qualifier
- in addition to its osmotic influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium must be considered to have specific toxic effects on cotton in addition to its osmotic influence”
The same questions in other papers
sodium atom · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →sodium atom · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.