Abstract
Photosynthetic rates and thylakoid activities are adversely affected by high temperatures in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), but their role in determining productivity during stress is uncertain. Our objectives were to ascertain relationships and genotypic variability among single‐leaf photosynthesis, thylakoid activity, and productivity during high‐temperature stress at vegetative and reproductive stages. Ten genotypes from major world wheat‐producing regions were grown under moderate (22/17 °C day/night) and high (32/ 27 °C day/night) temperatures for 2 wk as seedlings or from anthesis to maturity. Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll variable fluorescence (Fv), and productivity were measured at both stages. High temperature decreased mean photosynthetic rates 32 and 11%, mean Fv 42 and 11%, and mean total biomass 32 and 15% in seedling and maturing plants, respectively. The regime also reduced mean kernel weight 20% and mean grain yield 23% relative to the moderate temperature. Decreased photosynthetic rates and diminished productivity of plants were highly significantly correlated at both growth stages. Relative grain yields were strongly influenced by decreased duration of photosynthetic activity, which ranged widely in the 10 genotypes. Thylakoid membranes from seedlings of the 10 genotypes were heated at 20 to 35 °C, and uncoupled electron transport and Fv were determined. Thylakoid stability to heating varied similarly to whole‐plant responses to high temperature by seedlings, but not by maturing plants. Genotypes that were most tolerant of high temperature had stable rates and/or long durations of photosynthetic activity, high kernel weights, and high harvest indices, which are potential selection criteria.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased seedling photosynthesis by 32%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- seedlinge0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- mean photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32 and 11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature decreased mean photosynthetic rates 32 and 11%, mean Fv 42 and 11%, and mean total biomass 32 and 15% in seedling and maturing plants, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased maturing plant photosynthesis by 11%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- maturing plantse0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- mean photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32 and 11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature decreased mean photosynthetic rates 32 and 11%, mean Fv 42 and 11%, and mean total biomass 32 and 15% in seedling and maturing plants, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased seedling Fv by 42%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlinge0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- mean Fve0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 42 and 11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature decreased mean photosynthetic rates 32 and 11%, mean Fv 42 and 11%, and mean total biomass 32 and 15% in seedling and maturing plants, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased maturing plant Fv by 11%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- maturing plantse0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- mean Fve0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 42 and 11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature decreased mean photosynthetic rates 32 and 11%, mean Fv 42 and 11%, and mean total biomass 32 and 15% in seedling and maturing plants, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased seedling biomass by 32%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlinge0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- mean total biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32 and 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature decreased mean photosynthetic rates 32 and 11%, mean Fv 42 and 11%, and mean total biomass 32 and 15% in seedling and maturing plants, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased maturing plant biomass by 15%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- maturing plantse0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- mean total biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32 and 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature decreased mean photosynthetic rates 32 and 11%, mean Fv 42 and 11%, and mean total biomass 32 and 15% in seedling and maturing plants, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced kernel weight by 20%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- The regimee0
- Outcome
- mean kernel weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- the moderate temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The regime also reduced mean kernel weight 20% and mean grain yield 23% relative to the moderate temperature.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced grain yield by 23%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- The regimee0
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- the moderate temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The regime also reduced mean kernel weight 20% and mean grain yield 23% relative to the moderate temperature.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased photosynthesis correlated with diminished productivity at both growth stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- diminished productivity of plantse0
- Qualifier
- both growth stagese0
- Comparator
- Decreased photosynthetic ratese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreased photosynthetic rates and diminished productivity of plants were highly significantly correlated at both growth stages.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative grain yield was influenced by reduced duration of photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Relative grain yieldse0
- Qualifier
- ranged widely in the 10 genotypese0
- Comparator
- decreased duration of photosynthetic activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative grain yields were strongly influenced by decreased duration of photosynthetic activity, which ranged widely in the 10 genotypes.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling thylakoid heat stability varied similarly to whole plant heat responses, unlike maturing plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Outcome
- Thylakoid stability to heatinge0
- Qualifier
- but not by maturing plantse0
- Comparator
- whole‐plant responses to high temperaturee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thylakoid stability to heating varied similarly to whole‐plant responses to high temperature by seedlings, but not by maturing plants.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat tolerant genotypes had stable or prolonged photosynthesis, high kernel weights and high harvest indices.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Genotypes that were most tolerant of high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- stable rates and/or long durations of photosynthetic activity, high kernel weights, and high harvest indicese0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes that were most tolerant of high temperature had stable rates and/or long durations of photosynthetic activity, high kernel weights, and high harvest indices, which are potential selection criteria.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose photosynthetic stability or duration, kernel weight and harvest index as selection criteria.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- potential selection criteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stable rates and/or long durations of photosynthetic activity, high kernel weights, and high harvest indices, which are potential selection criteria.”
t0“Wheat”
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