Abstract
Abstract The influence of soil temperature and initial soil water content on subsequent germination and emergence of corn ( Zea mays L.), sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.), and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] needs to be understood. Previous research has not determined whether emergence of corn and sunflower is reduced by soil water content that is high enough for seed imbibition but too low for radicle emergence from the testa. Our objective was to evaluate corn, sunflower, and soybean emergence influenced by initial seed‐zone soil water content of 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 kg kg −1 and soil drying at three day/night (17/8, 21/12, 25/16°C) soil temperature regimes as the number of days of soil water deficit and temperature stress increased. A factorial experiment with two replicates was conducted under controlled temperature conditions in an incubator. This experiment was conducted using a Glyndon silty clay loam (coarse‐silty, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls). Corn emergence was >85% at all three initial soil water contents and temperature regimes. Sunflower emergence increased from 59% at the low initial soil water content to 90% at the higher initial soil water content. Soybean emergence was 22% after stress was imposed by a 0.07 kg kg −1 initial soil water content (high enough for seed imbibition but too low for germination). If soil water content is sufficient to imbibe seeds of soybean and sunflower, but too low for germination during the 6 d after planting, producers may need to replant, especially when soil temperature is above 21/12°C.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Corn emergence exceeded 85% across all water and temperature regimes.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- Corn emergencee0
- Value
- >85%e0
- Qualifier
- all three initial soil water contents and temperature regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn emergence was >85% at all three initial soil water contents and temperature regimes”
t0“Corn, Sunflower, and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower emergence increased from 59% at low water to 90% at higher water.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- higher initial soil water contente0
- Outcome
- Sunflower emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 59%e0
- Comparator
- low initial soil water contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower emergence increased from 59% at the low initial soil water content to 90% at the higher initial soil water content”
t0“Corn, Sunflower, and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean emergence was 22% after stress at 0.07 kg kg −1 initial water content.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- 0.07 kg kg −1 initial soil water contente0
- Outcome
- Soybean emergencee0
- Value
- 22%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean emergence was 22% after stress was imposed by a 0.07 kg kg −1 initial soil water content”
t0“Corn, Sunflower, and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend possible replanting of soybean and sunflower if water supports imbibition but not germination for six days, especially above 21/12°C.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- may need to replante0
- Qualifier
- especially when soil temperature is above 21/12°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If soil water content is sufficient to imbibe seeds of soybean and sunflower, but too low for germination during the 6 d after planting, producers may need to replant, especially when soil temperature is above 21/12°C”
t0“Corn, Sunflower, and Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
soil water · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.