Abstract
Field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of neem seed, garlic clove, onion bulb, ginger rhizome and pawpaw leaf extracts applied as foliar spray in controlling cercospora leaf spot of groundnut in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria during the 2002 and 2003 cropping seasons. Ridomil was used as a positive check while the control was left untreated. Three spray regimes (once, twice and thrice) were evaluated. A strip plot design with three replications was used in setting up the experiments. Ex-Dakar, a cercospora leaf spot susceptible Spanish Valencia groundnut variety, was used as planting material. All the plant extracts reduced the incidence and severity of cercospora leaf spot in both seasons compared to the untreated crops. However, neem seed and garlic clove extracts significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the disease compared to the other plant extracts. Ridomil was more effective in controlling the disease than the plant extracts. Three sprays with the plant extracts gave better control of the disease than one or two sprays in the season. The highest seed yield of 3115 kg/ha and 3311 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were obtained with neem seed extract treatment while the lowest seed yield of 2134 kg/ha and 2334 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were recorded from the untreated crops. Also the highest seed yield of 3124 kg/ha and 3418 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively were obtained following three sprays compared to 2523 kg/ha and 2641 kg/ha for one spray in 2002 and 2003, respectively and 2840 kg/ha and 3085 kg/ha for two sprays in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The highest haulm yield of 4121 kg/ha and 4089 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively were also obtained following treatment with neem seed extract. The lowest haulm yield of 2951 kg/ha and 3045 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003 respectively, were recorded from the control. Three sprays gave higher haulm yield (4265 kg/ha and 4279 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively) than one and two sprays in the season. Neem seed extract could therefore be used to control cercospora leaf spot and to improve groundnut production in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts reduced leaf spot incidence and severity versus untreated groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- plant extractse0
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of cercospora leaf spote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the plant extracts reduced the incidence and severity of cercospora leaf spot in both seasons compared to the untreated crops.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract reduced disease incidence and severity more than other extracts.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- neem seede0
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of the diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the other plant extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, neem seed and garlic clove extracts significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the disease compared to the other plant extracts.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic clove extract reduced disease incidence and severity more than other extracts.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- garlic clove extractse0
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of the diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the other plant extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, neem seed and garlic clove extracts significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the disease compared to the other plant extracts.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridomil controlled disease better than the extracts.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Ridomile0
- Outcome
- controlling the diseasee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- the plant extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ridomil was more effective in controlling the disease than the plant extracts.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Three extract sprays controlled disease better than one or two.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Three sprays with the plant extractse0
- Outcome
- control of the diseasee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- one or two sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three sprays with the plant extracts gave better control of the disease than one or two sprays in the season.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract produced the highest 2002 seed yield of 3115 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- neem seed extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3115 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
- Comparator
- untreated cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield of 3115 kg/ha and 3311 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were obtained with neem seed extract treatment while the lowest seed yield of 2134 kg/ha and 2334 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were recorded from the untreated crops.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract produced the highest 2003 seed yield of 3311 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- neem seed extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3311 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
- Comparator
- untreated cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield of 3115 kg/ha and 3311 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were obtained with neem seed extract treatment while the lowest seed yield of 2134 kg/ha and 2334 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were recorded from the untreated crops.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated plants had the lowest 2002 seed yield of 2134 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- untreated cropse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2134 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield of 3115 kg/ha and 3311 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were obtained with neem seed extract treatment while the lowest seed yield of 2134 kg/ha and 2334 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were recorded from the untreated crops.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated plants had the lowest 2003 seed yield of 2334 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- untreated cropse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2334 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield of 3115 kg/ha and 3311 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were obtained with neem seed extract treatment while the lowest seed yield of 2134 kg/ha and 2334 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were recorded from the untreated crops.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays gave the highest 2002 seed yield of 3124 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- three sprayse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3124 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
- Comparator
- one spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also the highest seed yield of 3124 kg/ha and 3418 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively were obtained following three sprays compared to 2523 kg/ha and 2641 kg/ha for one spray in 2002 and 2003, respectively and 2840 kg/ha and 3085 kg/ha for two sprays in 2002 and 2003, respectively.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays gave the highest 2003 seed yield of 3418 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- three sprayse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3418 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
- Comparator
- one spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also the highest seed yield of 3124 kg/ha and 3418 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively were obtained following three sprays compared to 2523 kg/ha and 2641 kg/ha for one spray in 2002 and 2003, respectively and 2840 kg/ha and 3085 kg/ha for two sprays in 2002 and 2003, respectively.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract gave the highest 2002 haulm yield of 4121 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- neem seed extracte0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4121 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest haulm yield of 4121 kg/ha and 4089 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively were also obtained following treatment with neem seed extract.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract gave the highest 2003 haulm yield of 4089 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- neem seed extracte0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4089 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest haulm yield of 4121 kg/ha and 4089 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively were also obtained following treatment with neem seed extract.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated plants had the lowest 2002 haulm yield of 2951 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2951 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest haulm yield of 2951 kg/ha and 3045 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003 respectively, were recorded from the control.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated plants had the lowest 2003 haulm yield of 3045 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 3045 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest haulm yield of 2951 kg/ha and 3045 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003 respectively, were recorded from the control.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays gave higher 2002 haulm yield of 4265 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Three sprayse0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4265 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
- Comparator
- one and two sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three sprays gave higher haulm yield (4265 kg/ha and 4279 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively) than one and two sprays in the season.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays gave higher 2003 haulm yield of 4279 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Three sprayse0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4279 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
- Comparator
- one and two sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three sprays gave higher haulm yield (4265 kg/ha and 4279 kg/ha in 2002 and 2003, respectively) than one and two sprays in the season.”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose neem seed extract for leaf spot control and groundnut production.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Neem seed extracte0
- Outcome
- used to control cercospora leaf spot and to improve groundnut productione0
- Setting
- Sudan savanna of Nigeriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem seed extract could therefore be used to control cercospora leaf spot and to improve groundnut production in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria.”
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